Discrimination By Andrew Niccol s Gattaca - 1515 Words

Discrimination was a prominent theme in Gattaca. In the movie directed by Andrew Niccol, Vincent Freeman is conceived without the help of genetic engineering, which had become the primary way of having a child. As a result of Vincent s parents decision to conceive him naturally, Vincent suffered from myopia and a congenital heart defect; along with a life expectancy of only 30.2 years, he was prone to discrimination in a society where your DNA determined your social class. Children conceived naturally like Vincent were considered the underclass and invalids; because of this, they were subjected to perform jobs that took minimal skills. However, this didn’t go over too well with Vincent whose sole dream was to go to Saturn’s moon, Titan. Since Vincent cannot achieve his dream solely by hard work, he is forced to become a â€Å"de-gene-rate†, or borrow an elitists identity, in this case, Jerome Morrow’s. Jerome Morrow was a gold medal swimmer who won silver once and tried to commit suicide because he failed himself. Morrrow however was not successful in his attempt and only succeeded in paralyzing himself. Morrow allowed Freeman to borrow his identity and in return , Freeman had to fund Morrow’s lifestyle. In order for Vincent Anton Freeman to become Jerome Morrow, he must diligently scrub his body daily to get rid of as much of his own DNA as possible. Freeman not only consistently has to gets rid of skin cells and any hair that might fall , but he must also pass daily DNAShow MoreRelatedFarenheit451/Gattaca, Relationship Between Man and Machine1243 Words   |  5 Pagesa genre of fiction revolving around science and technology, usually conveying the dystopian alternative future context, the pessimistic resultant of society. Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and Andrew Niccols Gattaca (1997) both explore the values and concerns of human existence. Despite the difference in context, Gattaca and Fahrenheit 451 both extrapo late the relationship between man and machine in a metaphorical sense. Both pose similar dystopian concepts of a machine like world. ThroughRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale And Gattaca1106 Words   |  5 PagesA dystopian text is a manifestation of society s deepest fears. How is this explored in The Handmaid s Tale and Gattaca? A comparison of dystopian texts explores contemporary issues of society and integrates them into an alien world. The Handmaid s Tale by Margaret Atwood illustrates the nature of society as far from ideal, and the destructive nature of oppression. Similarly, Gattaca by Andrew Niccol epitomises the characteristics of a dystopian text, by highlighting the subversion of naturalRead MoreDiscussion of Whether Gattaca Portrays A Realistic View Of The Future And Gene Manipulation1532 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion of Whether Gattaca Portrays A Realistic View Of The Future And Gene Manipulation Media. It controls a lot of what we think, what we believe and so changes our attitude and behaviour towards certain things. It has changed our thinking so much so that we believe almost anything and everything the media say and do. Without the media, life would not be as it is. Newspapers, magazines, television, internet, radio, the lot have very much altered our thinking. Read MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1727 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Industrial Revolution, which explains why it explores the dangers of too much knowledge. This book serves as an ominous warning that warns us that the power of science, if not properly limited, will cause misfortune and unhappiness. Frankenstein s monster, although an incredible feat of science, quickly leads to one tragedy after the next, before ultimately leading to Frankenstein’s downfall. Therefore, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein does indeed prove that modern science, without thoughtful, carefulRead MoreThe Film Gattaca Is Genetic Discrimination1584 Words   |  7 Pagestheme in The film Gattaca is genetic discrimination. In the aseptic society Vincent lives in , life is genetically restrained even before the individual is born so that each person gets the â€Å"best possible start†. The sterile environment captures a strictly controlled ambience favouring genetic perfection above anythi ng else. It is a society that overpowers human desire and human relationships. This becomes apparent through the mechanical robotic characters that live in Gattaca. Traits such as personalityRead MoreGattac A Futuristic And Dystopian Society2320 Words   |  10 Pagesanalyze Snowpiercer directed by Joon Ho Bong, Gattaca directed by Andrew Niccol both are movies that show this genre of a futuristic and dystopian society. Snowpiercer and Gattaca show conventions that convey this genre through a dystopian protagonist who standing up against a higher power, restrictions upon freedom and inequality(discrimination) in Gattaca the protagonist Vincent stands up to the labels of valids and invalids and the discrimination between the two labels in order to achieve hisRead MoreGattaca Is A American Sci Fi Film Directed And Written By Andrew Niccol1901 Words   |  8 PagesIs it where we are born? How we are born? Or who we are born too? Gattaca is a 1997 American sci-fi film directed and written by Andrew Niccol. It stars Ethan Hawke as Vincent Freeman the main protagonist. The movie has a host of now big name actors and actresses such as Uma Thurman, Jude Law, and Alan Arkin. The film focuses on Vincent Freeman s underdog struggle with the eugenics program and how he overcomes genetic discrimination to realize his dream of space travel. The movie centers on concernsRead MoreFilm Review : Gattaca And Gattaca2668 Words   |  11 Pagesanalyse Snowpiercer directed by Joon Ho Bong, Gattaca directed by Andrew Niccol both are movies that show this genre of a futuristic and dystopian society. Snowpiercer and Gattaca show conventions that convey this genre through a dystopian protagonist who standing up against a higher power, restrictions upon freedom and inequality(discrimination) in Gattaca the protagonist Vincent stands up to the labels of valids and invalids and the discrimination between the two labels in order to achieve his

Commen Elemements of Fiction - 1570 Words

Anyone that is well situated into the world of literature knows of the literacy genius Edgar Allen Poe. Most of Poe’s works do not have the slightest bit of joy or happiness in them. His literature mainly consists of a dark and gothic mood; mostly due to the fact that his actual life was worse than his stories. For those who have read a few of his stories or poems you might notice a similarity in plot. In his worksâ€Å" The Cask of Amontillado,† â€Å" The Black Cat,† and â€Å" The Tell-Tale Heart,† there is clear similarity of plot between the three stories. In â€Å" The Cask of Amontillado,† the reader is introduced to two characters, Montresor and Fortunato. They meet a carnival that is occurring in what appears Italy. Montresor informs Fortunato†¦show more content†¦Instead the swing of the axe landed on his wife’s hand. This made the husband even more angered, and he planted the axe into his wife’s skull to dismiss the interference. He disposed of his wife’s body by burying her into the cellar walls. The police arrived after four days investigating the household top to bottom. When the arrived at the cellar the husband felt did not feel the slightest bit anxiety. Just as the police were about to finish their investigation a screw came from the cellar walls. The police pulled the flimsy wall down to find the corpse of the husband’s wife before them. In the story â€Å" Tell-Tale Heart,† the reader will be shown an unnamed narrator who is saying that he is only nervous not mad. He say s he is going to tell us a story to assure to the reader that he is not mad. He talks about an idea that appeared in his head, about an old man he takes care of, that has haunted him day and night. There was not a desideratum or reason for it, but he says it might have been his eye that resembled those of a vulture. The man came up with the plan to take the old mans life over his eye. He stated â€Å"I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night about midnight I turned the latch of his door and opened it oh, so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern all closed, closed so that no light shone out, and then I thrust

International Energy Policy Global Effort To Fight The Change

Question: Discuss about the International Energy Policy for Global Effort To Fight The Change? Answer: Introduction Global warming and climate change are one of the integral discussions that the world is facing currently (Hansen, Sato and Ruedy 2012). Along with affecting the nature, it is affecting the human beings biologically. It has been found that carbon emission is the most dangerous that is happening in the society which is largely affecting the world. There have been various steps and various treaties that have been launched to make the environment better and safer for the living beings. Thus, write-up will focus on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change- conferences of parties that was held in April in the year 2015 (Field 2012). The conference started on 30 November 2015 and went on until 12th December 2015. The agreement was later merged with Kyoto protocol. The write-up will give particular attention to the effect of the conferences on Brazil. The write-up will further critically analyze the steps taken by Brazil in the past and the changes that have been taken by th e government after the agreement (Shindell 2012). Conference in Paris The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change started in the year 1992 (UNFCCC 2016). Various countries around the world joined in an international treaty and pledged that they will work together to combat the issues of climate changes and global warming. In the year 1995, the treaty even strengthened to act towards the global change in the world temperature and eventually, it adopted the Kyoto Protocol (Deser 2012). The Kyoto Protocol brings together the developed countries that in turn will help in reducing the emission in the environment to make the environment a better place to live in. However, in the year 2015, the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted on 12 December 2015 (OUTCOMES OF THE U.N. CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE IN PARIS 2015). The Paris Agreement was launched with a perspective of further developing the bonding to face the issues of climate change in the atmospheres. The Paris Agreement was done to (or intending to) strengthen the actions and distribute the investments in such a manner so that they could aim for the low carbon future.' As carbon emission is one of the most grievous problems in the society, hence, Paris Agreement decided to keep the global temperature rise below 2 degree Celsius above the pre-industrial level. The Paris Agreement even decided that the countries would make an even further effort to keep the temperature rise below 1.5 degree Celsius (UNFCCC 2015). However, this goal seems impossible until it is backed up by a proper plan regarding the finances and transparency of the plan, which will support the cause (Chemnick 2016). One of the most important parts of the plan is the transparency. The countries were asked to submit the emission report to the author so that the they track the emissions that are taking place in various countries and whether they are taking the necessary step to combat those emissions (Rubin 2016). The report that will be submitted to the authorities will go through an expert technical review', and they will decide if the countries require any extra help to make the agreement work. Depending upon the program and the available amount of resources the agreement can make the scope and the frequency more flexible so that it easier for the countries to achieve the goals (Stocker 2014). Finance is another issue for the countries bonded in the agreement with the developing countries demand more financial support and assurance (Fankhauser 2013). To maintain a balance between the developed and the developing countries the agreement has asked the developed countries to provide financial support to eh developing countries. The developed countries have already promised to provide $100 billion per year to the developing countries until the year 2025. However, the COP has decided to extend the goal after the year 2025 (Schwartz 2016). Energy Policy of Brazil Keeping in view the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Brazil has adopted the mitigation and the steps for implementation of the plan to achieve the goal that has been set in the Paris Agreement. Mitigation Brazil has decided to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by 37% by taking in view the durations of a decade, which is from 2005 to 2025. It has been planned that gradually, it will reduce by 43% (The Brics Post 2016). As far as the use of market is concerned, the country has kept itself open to use any kind mechanisms in any market to achieve the goals that have been set in the Paris Agreement. The federal government should give formal and prior consent. Brazil will not allow any other party other than the Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol to get involved in the mitigation outcomes (Luomi 2014). Adaptation and Undertaking Brazil has taken initiatives to help the country achieve the agenda that has been set in the conventions. To achieve the goals, it has taken measures by controlling the population, the ecosystems, the production system and reduce the vulnerability and the through the use of the services of the ecosystem (UNFCCC 2015). Implementation Plan Brazil plans to implement the steps with the help of the financial conventions that have been provided by the Paris Agreement. To enhance their actions, Brazil aims to take full help and support from the authorities of the convention. If Brazil needs to take further actions reacting the implementation of the plan, the country might need to get more international support and flow of investment. They need to develop the technology, transfer of technology and the deployment of technology. Special actions have been taken in the forest sector where they implemented REDD+ activities, and the steps will regularly be reviewed so that the result will be permanent and expect to get payment from the conventions as it has been decided in the Paris Agreement (UNFCCC 2015). Critical Analysis The bulk of GHG emissions in the atmosphere are related to the emissions from the industrial and residential development. The relationship between energy and development has evolved in Brazil. It is undoubtedly responsible for the historical emissions for the increasing global warming rate of the climate (Jacoby and Chen 2015). According to the IPCC, the CO2 emissions are necessitating the need to characterize with sustainable use of energy followed by large scales measures adopted for land use changes and forests. Moreover, enhancing the zero-low-carbon energy supply by would lower the emissions by the year 2050 (Mundy et al. 2016). The Globalization of Energy Demand and Carbon Emissions in Brazil Brazil is one of the countries that are changing due the growing demand for energy (fossil fuels), emphasis on energy production, carbonization in the electricity sector and the struggling bioenergy sector. However, according to the current government estimates, the emissions have grown to 60% in the current decade of 2012-2022. Nevertheless, an alternative solution is possible with the signals are given in right direction to prevent the carbonization supply and ensuring growth and competitiveness in the constrained-carbon world (Luomi 2014). The challenges are primarily faced in the GHG emissions; hydropower dominated electricity sector, transport, and the fossil fuels emissions. However, as compared with other oil producing countries, Brazil has shown impressive results in reducing emissions from deforestation that accounts for 82% from 2004 to 2014. According to the energy mix, Brazil constitutes of 40% of renewable with 75% in the electricity supply itself which is four times the average of OECD countries (UNFCCC 2015). As per the tenth session of COP (Conference of Parties) in Paris, the agreement was to prevent the rise of global temperature above 2 degrees Celsius. UNFCCC Executive Secretary Christiana Figueres encouraged countries to come forward with their INDCs for underlining obligation and support towards the thriving outcome in Paris. These decisions imposed by UNFCCC led Brazil to lower the emissions while assuring transparency, clarity, and understanding in the measures taken (UNFCCC 2015). Effort Measures taken on Decisions by Tenth Session Meeting of UNFCCC Brazil's INDC had a broad scope in incorporating alleviation, adaptation and ways of accomplishment, consistent with the contributions' rationale to achieve the eventual objective of the Convention. Brazil advance adoption measures the 2 degrees Celsius temperature goal according to the highlights of the Convention. Broadly it can be described under three headings as given below. Emissions Abatement The emission abatement is one crucial issue that throws light on the land use change and forests and the energy sector emissions that influences not only the climate's temperature but also the economic structures and resource bases. The land use change and forests are based on the implementation of particular policies and measures that view to attain zero illegal deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia by 2030 (Romeiro and Biderman 2016). It also says that compensating for the greenhouse gasses emissions from legally controlled vegetations for further strengthening the policies. It is also, adopting multiple purposes in forests to restore the reforestation in 12 million hectares. However, after the attainment of small measures, the Brazilian government will apply georeferencing and tracking system for the native management to eliminate the unsustainable and illegal practices (UNFCCC 2015). The second factor in which sustainable practices will be reinforced is the energy sector in which renewable energy should constitute of 45% of the energy mix by 2030. This factor will outline the three dimensions. They are an expansion of renewable resources; achieving gains in electricity sector with the expansion of non-fossil fuel energy sources. The three dimensions should constitute a target by 20130 that includes renewable source expansion with a special focus on hydropower energy of 28-33%. Secondly, achievement of 10% efficiency gains by 2030. Lastly, increasing the expansion of power supply to at least 23% by augmenting the share of biomass, solar and wind renewable energy (Romeiro and Biderman 2016). Emissions Intensity The emission concentration can be reduced by increasing the share of sustainable fuels in the Brazilian energy mix strategy that expands the biofuel consumption by 18% in 2030. However, with the growing ethanol supply, increasing the share of advanced biodiesel mix in diesel and increasing the advanced fuels of the second generation will help in lowering the concentrating of emissions (Melim-McLeod, 2015). Nevertheless, if analyzed on the different sectors in Brazil; the agricultural sector is following the "Low Carbon Emission Program" (ABC) for reinstating the additional 15 million hectares of pasturelands that have been degraded by 2030. Moreover, enhancing an extra 5 million hectares of cropland-stock-forestry systems will help in reducing the emission concentration. In the industry sector, new clean technologies have been developed that enhances the energy efficiency measures by developing low carbon infrastructure (Silva-Chvez 2015). Nevertheless, in the transport sector that emits maximum amount of carbon-di-oxide emissions is improving its infrastructure in the urban areas pertaining to public transportation (UNFCCC 2015). Abatement Cost The cost of controlling emissions is one perspective that needs concern because the Brazil's climate plan is based on short-term measures that will focus on long-term sustainable planning. Brazil's cost-effective abatement prospects are to reduce GHG energy recounted emissions by roughly 40 percent comparative to the baseline of present plans for the energy sector (The New Climate Economy Report 2016 2014). Such efforts will as well convey health co-benefits and enlarge the competitive nature in the cities. However, the initial cost as stated will rise and may affect the social structure of the economy that will be publicly articulated by with a vision of reinvesting the revenue derived from oil export or social welfare programs (Marcondes de Carvalho 2015). Conclusion Brazil one of the oil producing countries has made a global effort to fight the change but the momentum is not on the highest level and is less ambitious. Nonetheless, Brazil needs to necessitate for a goal that could change the course of the economy. On the other hand, Brazil is making its full attempt being one of the first major developing countries that are fighting for climate change with an absolute reduction target of emissions. However, the common vision followed by every country as well as Brazil signals the desire for zero carbon worlds in the new international climate agreement. References Chemnick, J. (2016). PARIS AGREEMENT: Who will be the next U.N. climate chief?. E E Publishing LLC. Deser, C., Phillips, A., Bourdette, V. and Teng, H., (2012). Uncertainty in climate change projections: the role of internal variability.Climate Dynamics,38(3-4), pp.527-546. Fankhauser, S., (2013).Valuing climate change: the economics of the greenhouse. Routledge. Field, C.B. ed., (2012).Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press. Hansen, J., Sato, M. and Ruedy, R., (2012). Perception of climate change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(37), pp.E2415-E2423. Jacoby, H.D. and Chen, Y.H.H., (2015). Launching a New Climate Regime. Luomi, M. (2014).Sustainable Energy in Brazil: Reversing Past Achievements or Realizing Future Potential. oxfordenergy.org. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/SP-34.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Marcondes de Carvalho, J. (2015).The Road Through Paris (Climate Nexus) : Brazil. The Road Through Paris. Available at: https://www.theroadthroughparis.org/country-profiles/brazil [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Melim-McLeod, C. (2015).Paris: A Climate Game Changer?. LSE International Development. Available at: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/internationaldevelopment/2015/12/01/paris-a-climate-game-changer/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Mundy, K., Green, A., Lingard, B. and Verger, A. eds., (2016).Handbook of Global Education Policy. John Wiley Sons. OUTCOMES OF THE U.N. CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE IN PARIS. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Center for climate and energy solutions. Available at: https://cop-21-paris-summary-02-2016-final.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Romeiro, V. and Biderman, R. (2016).A Closer Look at Brazils New Climate Plan (INDC) | World Resources Institute. Wri.org. Available at: https://www.wri.org/blog/2015/09/closer-look-brazils-new-climate-plan-indc [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. RUBIN, J. (2016). Where do the oil sands fit in a low-carbon future?. The Globe and Mail. Available at: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-commentary/where-do-the-oil-sands-fit-in-a-low-carbon-future/article29203090/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Schwartz, G. (2016). Science and Politics Clash as Humanity Nears Climate Change Tipping Point. EcoWatch. Available at: https://ecowatch.com/2016/03/13/climate-change-tipping-point/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Shindell, D., Kuylenstierna, J.C., Vignati, E., van Dingenen, R., Amann, M., Klimont, Z., Anenberg, S.C., Muller, N., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Raes, F. and Schwartz, J., (2012). Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security.Science,335(6065), pp.183-189. Silva-Chvez, G. (2015).Brazil's INDC Signals Further Progress at Less Ambitious Pace. Forest Trends. Available at: https://forest-trends.org/blog/2015/10/08/brazils-indc-signals-further-progress-but-at-less-ambitious-pace/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Stocker, T.F. ed., (2014).Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. The Brics Post, (2016). Climate change creating extreme weather report. Available at: https://thebricspost.com/climate-change-creating-extreme-weather-report/#.VuaIZZx97IU [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. The New Climate Economy Report (2016). 2014.Energy. Available at: https://2014.newclimateeconomy.report/energy/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. UNFCCC. (2015).Brazil Submits its Climate Action Plan Ahead of 2015 Paris Agreement. Available at: https://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/brazil-submits-its-climate-action-plan-ahead-of-2015-paris-agreement/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. UNFCCC. (2015).FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION. Available at: https://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Brazil/1/BRAZIL%20iNDC%20english%20FINAL.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Unfccc.int. (2015). Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015. Available at: https://unfccc.int/meetings/paris_nov_2015/meeting/8926/php/view/decisions.php [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. UNFCCC (2016). Essential Background. Available at: https://unfccc.int/essential_background/items/6031.php [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016].

Of Mice And Men Evaluation Essays - Literature,

Of Mice And Men Evaluation "A guy goes nuts if he ain't got nobody. Don't matter no difference who the guy is, long's he's with you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an' he gets sick." A major theme in Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men is loneliness. The characters Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife, each suffer from this although the severity of their seclusion varied. The old swamper, Candy is victimized by isolation as a result of two main factors, one being his disability and the other being his age. For example, throughout the book we find the farmhands out bucking the barley while Candy is left behind to sweep and clean the ranch. He lost his hand after getting it caught in a piece of machinery and as a result he is forced to stay behind. This being one of the major factors that leads to his loneliness. Furthermore, Candy's age adds to his feeling of uselessness. Because he thinks that he is old he puts himself in a state of mind that handicaps him more than his missing hand ever will. He looks down on himself as an old worthless man that's wasting away his last few years. Not only is it the way that others think of him, but also the way he thinks of himself that forces him to find solitude. The most evident case of loneliness is Curley's wife. No matter how hard she tries she can not fit in. For example, when she tries numerous times to talk to George and Lenny she is either ignored or told to leave. Because of her reputation for being a flirt none of the farmhands want to talk to her. It is the threat of getting in trouble with Curley that causes many workers to avoid her. In addition, because of Curley's insecure feelings he neglects her and forces her to seek attention anyway she can, even if it means flirting. She is ignored by both the farmhands and her own husband and because of this she is being forced into loneliness, the one thing she fights so hard against. Crooks is a black man that experiences isolation in terms of racism. For example, he is forced to live alone in the barn. Because the setting of this book takes place during the 1930's discrimination sadly still exists. The farmhands feel that since he is black he isn't worthy of living with the rest of them. Furthermore, his separation from others causes his severe loneliness. He spends his nights reading and his days alone in the barn working on the horses. His distance from others will eventually causes his downfall. We find discrimination being the major cause of this characters loneliness. He is treated as an outcast and peon and is forced t find friendship in the only thing that he can, the books he reads. Loneliness is an inescapable fact of life that not even the strongest can avoid. Throughout the story Of Mice and Men we discover the many sources of solitude, primarily being discrimination and prejudice. Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife all suffer from these facts which leads them to their loneliness. As for the consequences we find that the severity of each characters loneliness varied and that the eventual effects were directly related to the magnitude of their solitude.

Kite Runner Classics Paper Essays

Kite Runner Classics Paper Essays Kite Runner Classics Paper Essay Kite Runner Classics Paper Essay Essay Topic: The Kite Runner It will no doubt have lasting rower, and will be found on the shelves of bookstores and classrooms for years to come. Its wrong what they say about the past, Ive learned, about how you can bury It. Because the past claws Its way out (1). This quote, said by the mall character, Emir, Introduced a universal theme which would play a very Important role throughout the rest of the novel; the theme of sin and redemption. As Irony Nor says. It Is a novel of sin and redemption, a son trying to redeem his fathers sin (148). It seemed as though every memory told by Emir was in some way haunted and tainted by the ins of his past. Emir lived much of his life throughout the novel trying to gain redemption and peace for his sin of betraying his best friend Hosannas. We later discover that Emir is not the only character who is in need of redemption. Emir was told that Baby, the person who he had striver to impress and looked up to his whole life, had committed a sin of his own and had been lying to Emir about it his whole life. This brought Emir too realization that he and Baby were very much alike. And with that came this realization: that Ihram Khan had summoned me here to atone tot just for my sins but for Babys too (226). By the end of the novel, Emir found a way to forgive both him and his fathers sins. He found redemption by erasing the lines of discrimination that has been holding him back all of his life, and adopting Hessians son so that he will have an equal chance at success and happiness. Sorry an d Ihram Khan also looked to Emir for forgiveness and redemption from sins they committed in their pasts. Before they got married, Sorry told Emir about her sinful past with another man. Emir, however stunned and hurt by this truth, realized that e had to forgive her and look beyond her past. How could l, of all people, chastise someone for their past (1 65)? By redeeming Sorry from her sins, Emir almost envied her for her courage to speak the truth, however painful It was. Sorry helped Emir one step closer to realizing that If he was ever going to be redeemed for his sins, he had to gain the courage to speak of It ask Sorry had. Ihram Khan also wanted Malls forgiveness for keeping Babys secret before he dies. He told Emir, l know that In the end, God will forgive. He will forgive your father, me, and you too Forgive your father If you can. Forgive me If you wish. But most Important, forgive yourself (302). Ihram Khan, In many ways, also helped lead Emir to being able to forgive himself and find redemption. Just as he once said, There is a way to be good again (1 This statement, repeated over and over, is the universal truth which makes this novel a classic, that its possible to find redemption and forgiveness from sin. The uses of literary elements in this novel are also those of a classic. Flashback and Treasonable were uses very Truculently Dye Household. I en story Deigns In 2 ands in 2002, but the whole novel is a flashback that brings the reader from Emirs childhood through his manhood. This also makes it so the reader is provided with information about what happened outside of the action that had taken place in the novel as the story unfolds. Foreshadowing sometimes also appeared to signal the coming of a life changing event. One example occurs on page 275, when Emir is nervously eating a grape in the house of a Taliban official. Emir foreshadows, The grape was sweet. I popped another one in my mouth, unaware that it would be the sat bit of solid food I would eat for a long time. This prepares the reader for the violence that unfolded soon after, between Emir and Safes. The dialogue and the narration in this novel used a variety of modes which affected and contributed to the meaning of the work, making it a classic. Both detailed descriptions and casual conversations were used. One feature of the novel is the use of the Fairs language. This helps provide the reader with knowledge about the Afghan culture and traditions. The words are almost always translated, and set apart by commas. L loudest lie to her and say that my pride, my fiftieth, wasnt stung at all (165). By the end of the novel the reader is familiarized with several expressions such as this one. Imagery and symbolism is also introduced in the beginning of the novel and is mirrored by those at the end. The book began and ended with kite flying contests. The imagery of kite-fighting in the beginning portrayed the last happy moments of Hosannas and Emir. At the end, there was a smaller but similar contest between Emir and Hessians son, Sahara, suggesting the redemption and final self-forgiveness of Emir. The flying of kites brought the characters together. For a moment, they were part of a team. The characters enjoyed flying the kites in both the beginning and end of the novel, and it allowed them to momentarily escape their differences and be somewhat mutual. The kites symbolized a momentary sense of freedom. The complexity and growth in Emir is one which demonstrates that The Kite Runner is a classic novel. Maria Elena Caballero-Rob explains that the novel sketches the maturation of its protagonist from a callow beguiled by mythical stories of heroes (99). Emir Khan began as an UN-athletic, shy, and innocent twelve year old boy. He spent most of the time playing with his servant, Hosannas. Both of the boys got picked on; Emir because he was friends with his servant, and Hosannas because he was a Hazard. Emir was always too afraid to stick up for himself, and it was always Hosannas who ended up taking the hits for the both of them. Emir was constantly trying to impress his father, to no avail. Baby very often voiced his concern for the kind of man Emir would turn out to be. He often compared Emir to Hosannas, wondering why his on couldnt be more like Hosannas. His father saw Emirs lack of courage and inability to speak up as a weakness, which was proven to be true. Emir, confused, embittered, and convinced of his servants elevated status in Babys affections, sets about severing ties of a different kind (OBrien 102). Emirs flaw was truly shown when he watched as Hosannas got beaten and raped by a bully named Safes after trying to retrieve Emirs winning kite. Emir stood watching in horror, but didnt say a word in defense of his friend. After encountering this horrible event and feeling uncomfortable about it, Emir selfishly finds a way to get rid of Hosannas and his father. This flaw, hiding, is one that readers can identify with, even if in a negative way. Emir struggles Witt ten memory AT Nils cowardice to act Tort access rater . I en entire novel is Emirs Journey to find ways to cope with himself and with his guilt. The way that Emir tried to ignore his past is a manner of living in which the reader can recognize. He and Baby eventually moved from Afghanistan to America. America, Emir thought, was to be a new beginning. It was be a place where he could forget bout his past, hide away from it. But Emir eventually found that he could not hide from his own guilty conscious. When his future wife, Sorry, spoke of her sinful past, he was reminded of his own, and also his lack of courage. He returned to Afghanistan after hearing that Ihram Khan, an old family friend, had fallen ill. There, Emir was finally forced to face everything that had been lingering with him for decades. He was informed that Emir and his wife was shot and killed by a Taliban after having a child. Emir had haunting dreams in which he was the Taliban man standing in front of Hosannas with a gun pointing at his head. Ihram told Emir that he should go find Hessians son, who was put in an orphanage after the death of his father. There, Emir was faced with much more than he expected. He came in contact with Safes, now a child molesting Taliban killer, with Hessians son. Emir finally overcame his weakness, and stood up to try and get the boy from Safes. When a coward stops remembering who he is God help him (275). For probably the first time in his life, Emir didnt hide and watch. He fought for this boy. The growth from Emirs shy scared boy to a rosaceous and brave man definitely demonstrated the complexity of human nature. It shows yet another reason why The Kite Runner is a classic. This novel had both an interesting and suspenseful plot which will leave every reader stimulated and moved in some way. It contains both political issues and a personal tale about how choices later affect our lives. It provides interesting information about Afghanistan, and the reader learns some of events of both America and the Middle East. Readers can explore a new culture of a previously obscure and peaceful nation that is now a big part of global politics. The Journey of Emir from an insecure boy to a man more at peace is a very relatable plot. Startling, unexpected plot twists provide constant suspense and wonder for the reader throughout the novel. This is the plot of a classic. Now used as summer reading books in multiple high schools, and found on many lists for book clubs, this novel seems as though it will be here to stay. It provides such a vivid glimpse of the life in Afghanistan over the past quarter of a century, and is both enlightening and informational. It is one of the first novels to be written about Afghan after September 1 1, which had for been ignored by writers for a long time. Hopefully it will inspire many writers in the future that this issue is not one to be ignored. #1 New York Times bestseller, this novel will be passed on to future generations for years to come, and will no doubt have the lasting power of a classic novel. The Kite Runner fit every quality in which a classic novel should. It contained a journey with Emir in order to discover the universal truths of sin and redemption. The protagonist, like in all classic novels, was developed and enlightened about these Ruth by the end. This novel also contained many literary elements which greatly enhanced the meaning and feel of the work. The use of sarcasm, foreshadowing, flashbacks, and language were styles used by Hussein to enhance the novel. A classics protagonist, Like Emir, demonstrates growth Ana change, wanly snows ten complexity of human nature. Emir changed tremendously throughout his Journey, and both of his flaws and enlightenment are easy to identify with. The plot was complex, ever changing, and interesting. It is one that will keep readers turning the pages.

iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) - Emphasis

iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) Printer manufacturers must be getting a bit twitchy about the iPad. Or if theyre not, they should be because it could well make a serious dent in their profits, writes Rob Ashton. Generally, Im in the pro camp when it comes to technology. Ive bought a fair few examples over the years. And although I discarded some once the novelty wore off, others became an integral part of my life. The iPhone could have been invented just for me. I realise that not everyones like this. And even I admit that modern technology is often no substitute for more traditional devices. But in business, technology tends to be adopted wholesale when theres a sound financial reason for doing so. And thats why I think we might see a dramatic reduction not just in paper usage but in printer-toner sales in the next few years. It wasnt so long ago that we used to send documents to each other in the internal mail. Now were much more likely to email them. Yet most people still tend to print them out to read them. Despite the cost and the terrible waste of paper, we still like flipping through the real thing. But the business world may not be far behind the newspaper industry in seeking to cut the use of paper. This is because there are huge potential cost savings to be made if technologists could produce a way of reading onscreen that more people would accept. Influential technology blog Silicon Alley claimed last year that printing the New York Times costs twice as much as sending every subscriber an Amazon Kindle e-book reader on which to read the electronic version. Now universities in the US are experimenting with delivering textbooks this way. Just before the iPads launch, the technology was already there for acceptable forms of electronic reading. The worlds biggest technology show in Las Vegas earlier this year was awash with electronic alternatives to paper. Electronic paper or e-paper, as its inevitably being dubbed, helps overcome objections from people who prefer the look and feel of real paper rather than a chunky electronic device. And documents displayed in this way should be much easier to proofread. But problems with lighting mean that, at present, electronic paper can display only black and white images, as can e-book readers such as the Kindle. Such technology relies on electronically magnetised ink, which also needs good lighting conditions to be readable. The iPads colour screen and LED back-lighting get round these problems. And while some have commented that these cause eyestrain, ophthalmologists have disputed this. Whats more, the iPad electronically reproduces the action of flipping through a document, bringing the experience a step closer to the real thing but without the waste of printing. If the iPhone is anything to go by, it will probably be the second-generation iPads that truly find popular appeal, once Apple have ironed out any post-launch teething problems. But whether e-ink, iPad or iPad 2.0 wins the day, the paperless office may at last be just around the corner. iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) Printer manufacturers must be getting a bit twitchy about the iPad. Or if theyre not, they should be because it could well make a serious dent in their profits, writes Rob Ashton. Generally, Im in the pro camp when it comes to technology. Ive bought a fair few examples over the years. And although I discarded some once the novelty wore off, others became an integral part of my life. The iPhone could have been invented just for me. I realise that not everyones like this. And even I admit that modern technology is often no substitute for more traditional devices. But in business, technology tends to be adopted wholesale when theres a sound financial reason for doing so. And thats why I think we might see a dramatic reduction not just in paper usage but in printer-toner sales in the next few years. It wasnt so long ago that we used to send documents to each other in the internal mail. Now were much more likely to email them. Yet most people still tend to print them out to read them. Despite the cost and the terrible waste of paper, we still like flipping through the real thing. But the business world may not be far behind the newspaper industry in seeking to cut the use of paper. This is because there are huge potential cost savings to be made if technologists could produce a way of reading onscreen that more people would accept. Influential technology blog Silicon Alley claimed last year that printing the New York Times costs twice as much as sending every subscriber an Amazon Kindle e-book reader on which to read the electronic version. Now universities in the US are experimenting with delivering textbooks this way. Just before the iPads launch, the technology was already there for acceptable forms of electronic reading. The worlds biggest technology show in Las Vegas earlier this year was awash with electronic alternatives to paper. Electronic paper or e-paper, as its inevitably being dubbed, helps overcome objections from people who prefer the look and feel of real paper rather than a chunky electronic device. And documents displayed in this way should be much easier to proofread. But problems with lighting mean that, at present, electronic paper can display only black and white images, as can e-book readers such as the Kindle. Such technology relies on electronically magnetised ink, which also needs good lighting conditions to be readable. The iPads colour screen and LED back-lighting get round these problems. And while some have commented that these cause eyestrain, ophthalmologists have disputed this. Whats more, the iPad electronically reproduces the action of flipping through a document, bringing the experience a step closer to the real thing but without the waste of printing. If the iPhone is anything to go by, it will probably be the second-generation iPads that truly find popular appeal, once Apple have ironed out any post-launch teething problems. But whether e-ink, iPad or iPad 2.0 wins the day, the paperless office may at last be just around the corner.

Management Accounting assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Accounting - Assignment Example Cost is the most important factor which influences the management decision. The management needs to maximize its cost by different policies such as just in time, target costing etc but should not compromise on the products quality (Straus, 1989).. Target Costing: Target costing is one of the new costing techniques used by managers to minimize its cost effectively. Target costing is cost based pricing. Target costing enable the managers to manage the business most effectively in a competitive market place. It enables the managers to plan and manage the cost in the early stages of design and development cycle. Hence maximize the profit with no compromise on product. Target cost is selling price less desired profit. As in target costing the cost limit is specified first which may lead to omission of essential costs leading to loss. It can also be expected that the calculation of target cost is not accurate leading to mismanagement and increasing the risk of failure. This strategy requir es exclusive coordination and cooperation. This may reduce the quality of the products due to cheap components whose quality maybe inferior (Carlsson-Wall, 2011).  . Total Quality Management: Total quality management is a policy to continually improve the quality of products and processes. It is the management of organization’s all resources both human and material in most effective manner to achieve the objectives of the organization. In this the management uses the strategy of involving all the employees in the improvement of the quality of products and processes focusing on customer needs and their satisfaction. Customers are willing to pay high prices also for good quality products which the competitors are not providing them. The quality of processes can be improved by eliminating unnecessary steps resulting in efficiency of the processes and reducing the time wastage. All these improvements attract the customers towards our products and making the organization more pr ofitable by increased sales and good market share and repute (European Society For Organisational Excellence, 1990).  . The cost of introducing the concept of total quality management is high and staff needs to be trained without disrupting the process of production which may lead the organization to face loss by increasing the expense. The improvements process is continual which may not be maintained for many years. The employees maybe resistant to change leading to demotivation. Throughput Accounting: Throughput Accounting is a management approach. It provides managers with support for decision making for improving the organizations profitability. It is a process of identification of constraints for an organization in meeting their goals. Throughput focuses on generating more output unlike typical cost accounting approaches of cutting costs for maximizing the profit. It speeds up the rate of output by eliminating the constraints of the organizat

Immigration in United States, From the view point of The Jungle Research Paper

Immigration in United States, From the view point of The Jungle - Research Paper Example These were the changes that had been induced by the rise of the metropolis, the development of a national economy and, to a crucial extent, by the industrial revolution –which has been viewed by highly educated people (including Sinclair) as the feverish mechanization of human life - arousing deep tensions and turbulences in the sociopolitical culture of the American society around 1890s. Sinclair’s readers may ask whether the transformations in the culture of the Lithuanian immigrants, who occupy the central themes of the novel, will suffice the cultural transformations of the US society. But while asking the question, one has to bear in mind the fact that the novel presents a particular aspect of American society in which the society’s socio-political-cultural variables of social transformations allow other cultures to be assimilated and to be fused with its own cultural traits in order to produce another which is more global and tolerant in nature. Consequentl y, the traits of the socio-political-cultural-economic transformation of the Lithuanian immigrants’ culture and their assimilations into the mainstream US culture serve as the prototype of the cultural changes of the US society around the first half of the 1960s. ... Then finally, they are forced to adapt themselves and their culture to the changed circumstances. These adaptations necessarily yield into new cultural forms that are capable of surviving in the hostile environment of industrialization. The attempts of the Lithuanians to preserve their native values, norms and traits of culture are evident throughout the whole novel. But in the beginning of the novel, the marital culture and other cultural values that are observed in an exuberant environment are livelier than in any other part of the novel. These wedding customs of the Lithuanians have had to go through the inevitable transformations and have to adapt themselves to the changed circumstances of life in Chicago. Throughout the first six chapters, the Lithuanian marital customs such as the matchmaker episode, wedding ceremony, wedding feast, very often accompanied by music, wedding songs, dances etc seem to exist in more or less modified forms. As Suk Bong Suh says, â€Å"Lithuanians s eem to have preserved much of these traditional wedding customs in America, though in somewhat modified form. Among others, the detailed descriptions of the wedding feast, veselija, show graphically to what extent they tried to preserve their old customs in a new environment† (Suh 11). Being the part of the agrarian society norms, the Lithuanian wedding tradition includes serving abundant foods and drinks during the marriage ceremony. As Sinclair remarks, â€Å"It was one of the laws of the veselija that no one goes hungry, and, while a rule made in the forests of Lithuania is hard to apply in the stockyards district of Chicago, with its quarter of a million inhabitants, still they did their best,

Criminal Investigations & Criminal Evidence Essay Example for Free

Criminal Investigations Criminal Evidence Essay Why is non-verbal communication important when testifying before a jury, and what suggestions do you have for helping a testifying officer make a positive impression on a jury? Jurors are selected by the judge, prosecution and the defending attorney. The judge will provide the list of potential jurors to both the prosecution and the defending attorney for the selection process to participate in the trial case. For either the prosecutor or the defending attorney jury selecting a jury is normally very similar in its process. The selection of the jurors is completed after the trial initiation and the arraignment and plea. The Sixth Amendment provides the any American citizen the right to an impartial jury (Hess Orthmann Hess, 2013). The process both the prosecution and the defending attorney use to select a juror is called â€Å"voir dire† (the preliminary examination of a witness or juror to determine his or her competency to give or hear evidence). These people are questioned by both the prosecutor and the defense attorney. During this process the potential jurors are questioned about a number of things, from their religious practices to things that have happened to them. The reason for these open ended questions is to see if the juror will be biased against the accused, or may have beliefs that will harm a case (Hill, 2005)(Hess Orthmann Hess, 2013). Both the prosecution and the defending attorney utilize some common tactics and potential jury processing techniques. Both parties study their case and establish a tactics to confront the potential jurist with. They may even hire a Philologist with jury selection specialty training to assist their jury selection. First is the belief and attitude examination of the juror (Hess Orthmann Hess, 2013). References Hess Orthmann, C. H., Hess, K. M. (2013). Criminal Investigation (10th Ed). Clifton Park, NY: Cengage Publishing. Business Law. Anti Essays. Retrieved January 12, 2013, from the World Wide Web: http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/222945.html

Representationalism and Antirepresentationalism - Kant, Davidson and Rorty :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Representationalism and Antirepresentationalism - Kant, Davidson and Rorty (1) ABSTRACT: The notions of representationalism and antirepresentationalism are introduced and used in contemporary philosophical discussions by Richard Rorty to describe his and the neopragmatists' attitude toward traditional problems of epistemology. Rorty means that the history of philosophy shows that there are no final answers to the traditional questions about knowledge, truth, and representation; consequently, they should be rejected. Rorty thinks such questions should be eliminated from philosophy since there is no possibility to get outside of our mind and language. We cannot say anything about a mind-transcendent or language-transcendent, nonlocal or eternal reality. Hilary Putnam agrees with Rorty on this, but not with the conclusion that we should reject traditional philosophical questions. For Putnam, the epistemological questions are worthwhile asking and, although we cannot find the final correct answers, we should continue our investigations as if there were final answer s. Our struggles with those problems can lead to refinements of the formulations and to cognitive developments. Putnam proposes a quasi-realism which is often called "internal realism." Rorty rejects every refinement of realism as still realism and believes that the questions of knowledge, truth, and representation lead to regresses ad infinitum or to circular reasoning. Probably few philosophers influenced so decisively the development of epistemology as Kant. Without him it is not possible to describe the last two hundred years of the history of philosophy as well as contemporary philosophy in general. On the other "end of the line" one of the most influential contemporary American philosophers Richard Rorty proposes that we should abandon epistemology and Kantian picture of representation. In this paper I pose the question, whether Rorty is thorougly succesful in his abandomnent. I try to investigate the differences and similarities of Kantian and Rortyan thinking with the help of the epistemological notion of representationalism and of the antiepistemological notion of antirepresentationalism. If it is possible to find crucial overlapping areas of both thinking, then there arises a dilemma: either Kant himself is a "Rortyan", postepistemological thinker, and this would be a surprizing new idea about Kantian philosophy or Rorty succeeds not comple tely to overcome the structures of Kantian-epistemological thinking. The notions representationalism and antirepresentationalism are introduced and used in contemporary philosophical discussions by Richard Rorty, to describe his and the neopragmatists attitude towards traditional problems of epistemology and "to make safe the world" for a "postepistemological" thinking. Rorty means, the history of philosophy showed, that there are no final answers to the traditional questions about "knowledge," "truth" and "representation"; (2) consequently they should be rejected.

Educational stages Essay

Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, research, or simply through autodidacticism. [1] Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. Systems of schooling involve institutionalized teaching and learning in relation to a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system. Schools systems were also based on people’s religion giving them different curricula. [edit] Curriculum Main articles: Curriculum, Curriculum theory, and List of academic disciplines School children in Durban, South Africa. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses and their content offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults. A curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general syllabus which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade or standard. An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught, either at the university–or via some other such method. Each discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, and distinguishing lines are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences. [5] Educational institutions may incorporate fine arts as part of K-12 grade curriculums or within majors at colleges and universities as electives. The various types of fine arts are music, dance, and theater. [6] [edit] Preschools Main article: Preschool education The term preschool refers to a school for children who are not old enough to attend kindergarten. It is a nursery school. Preschool education is important because it can give a child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. [citation needed] While children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors and designs when they begin their formal education they will be behind the children who already possess that knowledge. The true purpose behind kindergarten is â€Å"to provide a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three to seven year old children that aimed at unfolding the child’s physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them. †[7] [edit] Primary schools Main article: Primary education Primary school in open air. Teacher (priest) with class from the outskirts of Bucharest, around 1842. Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first 5–7 years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. [8] Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools. Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school. In India, compulsory education spans over twelve years, out of which children receive elementary education for 8 years. Elementary schooling consists of five years of primary schooling and 3 years of upper primary schooling. Various states in the republic of India provide 12 years of compulsory school education based on national curriculum framework designed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training. Students working with a teacher at Albany Senior High School, New Zealand Students in a classroom at Samdach Euv High School, Cambodia In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, â€Å"post-secondary†, or â€Å"higher† education (e. g. university, vocational school) for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1–13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession. The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories (for instance, the emergence of electrification), that required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better  prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved to be beneficial for both employers and employees, for the improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational attainment. In Europe, grammar schools or academies date from as early as the 16th century, in the form of public schools, fee-paying schools, or charitable educational foundations, which themselves have an even longer history.

Lead and Manage Group Living for Adults Essay

I work in a residential care home and as much as we try our very best to individualise and personalise care plans, bedrooms, give freedom of choice wherever possible, the home still has barriers to full freedom and because of the shared living space, it can be difficult for the residents to have their own space. The decision to come into a residential care setting usually means that the resident needs that extra support and wants the extra company and reassurance that being in a care home gives. Person centred care is set to enable everyone to live as independently as possible, but the reality is, people need care. Residential care homes and sheltered living accommodation have improved greatly when we compare the institutions of many years ago, the asylums, where people with all sorts of disabilities were held together. There were numerous reports of abuse in such places, which led to them closing and a more community style care service was put in place. Now there are many different options for the elderly, there is a lot of elderly people in Wales that are maintaining their independence at home, with a care package. Carers from an agency call several times throughout the day, night, depending on what the social services think they require, or what they can afford privately. As much as I think this is great, as it must be heartbreaking to give up your family home, it concerns me, as I hear horror stories of the elderly being left for several hours, maybe falling, sitting in their own urine or excrement and having limited choices throughout their day as to when they can get up out of bed, go to bed or even eat. The carers have allocated time slots each day and are allowed only a set time with each house visit, and then in-between they might be alone for long periods. I know that such people can have a lifeline, which they can press to get assistance, the lifeline reaches a call centre and the call centre will then contact the named people on their list to go and see if all is well, or might send an ambulance if they feel the need. Lifelines are a great idea, if they are used correctly, I have heard of several who leave theirs at the side of the bed, they either cannot reach, or fall whilst visiting the toilet and are unable to get to it. I have also heard tales of people pressing their lifeline to get some response off someone, someone to talk to, some company, as they are lonely or even fretful during the lonely  night hours. Sheltered accommodation is a great idea, each person has their own individual flat, often with a main front door with different door alarms on so they can call on the person they are visiting and go straight to see them. These flats are contained, small, easy to get around and keep clean, they can have call leads in several rooms in case of an emergency, they can cook for themselves if they so require, make themselves tea, watch what they want on the television and live quite independently. There used to be a warden present 24 hours a day, well almost, a 9-5 day shift, and then sleep in, during the night to be available in case of an emergency. Of course now there are so many cutbacks that live in wardens have been stopped throughout Wales, possibly elsewhere. There are now teams of 3 or 4 wardens that look after several establishments, they take turns to go around each unit, calling on the residents to ensure they are ok, they are usually there 9-1, half a day, then if the residents have any issues they must use their lifeline, or the emergency chord, which instead of being linked to the warden is now linked to a head office, who will contact relevant help for the resident. A residential home, I can only speak of ours, I have worked in 2 other nursing homes as well as the residential home I currently work in. Our home is homely, not clinical, it has carpet, not laminate or tiled flooring and it has a beautiful garden and outlook, large communal areas, including a big conservatory and lounge space split into two sides. The home is decorated tastefully for the residents, with flowers and plants and pictures, homely but not cluttered, the residents bedrooms are personalised by themselves with their belongings and choice of dà ©cor. The home does its best to treat every resident in a person centred approach, but it can be difficult to meet all needs accordingly. There are set meal times, which can be flexible to a point, they are offered alternative menu choices, but it isn’t always convenient for residents to eat whenever they so chose to. I must say that the residents are offered several snacks and drinks throughout the day so are very rarely hungry. The residents are able to come and go to their rooms as they wish, if they are safe to do so. The residents have a choice of communal area, or to go out and sit in the garden if they wish. Their meals are served in a communal dining room, but there are a few ladies that prefer  to sit alone in the communal areas to eat their meal, which is fine. There are carers available 24 hours a day, to assist as little or as much as needed for each resident, they are assisted with personal care, if required, with meals and much more. Throughout the home there is a nurse call buzzer system, if a resident needs help they can just buzz the buzzer, which is linked to a panel that shows the care staff where the buzzer has gone off so they can go and assist in whatever way needed. The home has a lift and a chair lift, aids in the bathrooms, toilets and showers, a laundry facility, a kitchen, domestic assistants, etc. I imagine many people compare the residential care setting to the hotel model of care, where residents come into care and do nothing much for themselves anymore. Maybe a lot of that is true, but not because they are not allowed to do anything for themselves, but because many chose not to, they are old, tired and have health complications and restrictions and want a rest. There are a few residents who like keeping busy and love to help with tasks around the home, laying tables, wiping tops, collecting cups, folding napkins, which is fantastic, but there are more that aren’t interested in any domestic chores. Housing with care for later life, a review written for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, suggests that there are so many different levels of housing facilities and choices available as a result of how care has developed in the UK over the last 20 years, with things changing to meet the needs of the tenants. Housing with some care is the most popular option that social and health care professionals like to choose for as many as possible, it seems to be the most popular as it is the most independent way of living for the elderly, with some level of support and security if needed. Extra care housing, which are establishments that provide a meal, additional services , barrier free environments are also known as very sheltered housing, I know very little about or I don’t know of any in my area, but they sound great. (Oldsman 200, Baker 2002) have written about such housing. There isn’t much difference between them and residential care homes, except they have their own front doors and are called tenants or owners, they can go and mix with other tenants in communal areas if they wish and are provided with a meal and the use of communal facilities or assisted technologies if they want them. It is important to consider an individual’s safety as well as their own choices, safety and security are as important as freedom of choice, as there are many elderly people that are extremely vulnerable and think that they are able to do much more than they can. Take for example Mrs H in our home; she loves to sit in her room alone for hours at a time. She is unable to walk, only transfer from chair to chair, to bed etc, she is a really bad epileptic and once she has a fit, it is difficult for ambulance staff, when called to bring her out of the fit, she usually requires hospital assistance as she has trouble breathing during her fit. She asks to go to her room all the time, but it is a huge risk and Mrs H has severe mental health issues after a brain bleed has been deemed to not have capacity to make safe decisions for herself. Several times when she has fitted, the care staff have seen it start in the lounge as they pass by and have managed to get to her in time to put her in the recovery position and remove anything that might cause her more harm Mrs H doesn’t understand when trying to explain to her why she is unable to go and sit in her room for hours at a time, but does go up for shorter time periods. It is important that any care setting is tastefully decorated to suit the residents that live there, to look homely, welcoming, and familiar, kept clean, and refurbished whenever necessary. Residents will feel more positive if they are in a pleasant environment, with a nice outlook, with comfortable furniture to sit on, with accessible amenities they can use themselves, a TV, drinks machine, books, music equipment, suitable lighting etc. Legal requirements have made a huge impact on care offered to the elderly today, when we look back at how things have changed, we have definitely come along way, but I would definitely not say we are there yet, as things are always changing, people change, and we need to also. Individualistic consumer led approach to care in the 80’s and 90’s led to the government looking at decreasing the dependency culture, to enable people to be as independent at they could. There have been many changes over the years with the financial support given to those with various needs, which enables them to choose their level of care and support and where they wish to live etc. The 1989 Caring for People white paper led the way for care in the community, as well as the NHS Community Care Act 1990, which promoted independent living for people with a more flexible care  service. In 200 the Care Standards Act came into place, they are basically in place to regulate all care facilities to ensure that everything within their power is being done to a satisfactory level. Along with the regulating, they also inspect care settings and have power to make big decisions and requirements for each place they visit, as a result of this Act we now have the National Minimum standards to adhere to.

Essay on Roman constitution essays

Essay on Roman constitution essays In the course of ancient history many nations rose and fell and many forms of government were tried. Some were successful, some were a terrible failure, and others were just sufficient. The Greek historian Polybius believed that the constitution and government of Rome at the time of the Hannibalic War was by far the best of any form of government ever set up by any other nation (Polybius pg. 311). The Hannibalic War took place from 218-201 B.C., Polybius (205-118 B.C.) was writing in the second century B.C. (quotationspage.com/author.php?author=Polybius). To Polybius the greatness of Romes government was that it combined three forms of government; aristocracy, monarchy, and democracy and utilized the best aspects of each while each had some form of a check and balance on the others to help curb the vices of each (Polybius pg. 317). Polybius believed Rome had set up a balanced constitution that had advantages over any others, but he did not foresee the political and social pressu res that led to the downfall of the Roman republic. Roman government consisted of two consuls, the Senate, and the people. Consuls were an elected office. The people were represented by an assembly and elected tribunes, of which there were originally two to match the two consuls. There were other magistracies in the Roman government, but they are not necessary to mention for this paper. The Senate was made up of the men who had held consulship, been tribune, or held any other magistracies (Shelton pg. 207). Once a man was a member of the Senate he was so for life (Shelton pg. 207). The consul, the people and the Senate represent the three kinds of governments (monarchy, democracy and aristocracy) that Polybius believed balanced Romes constitution and set it apart from others (Polybius pg. 311). For Polybius the Roman constitution, its form of government, carried out by three branches, was so interdependent and checked and...

How to Share Your Marketing Calendar With Read-Only Views

How to Share Your Marketing Calendar With Read-Only Views Keeping the right people in the know AND still maintain control over your marketing calendar can be a real challenge. We hear you! That is why we want to tell you all about our new Read-Only View from ! Read-Only View allow you to create custom views of your calendar and give your team or clients only the details they need. Additionally, this new feature eliminates any need to pay for additional users or worry about  accidental deletions or changes in your calendar. Watch the demo below to learn how Read-Only View works! Watch this: How To Easily Share Your Marketing Calendar With Read-Only View In this demo, learn how to: Keep higher-ups â€Å"in the know† sans static screenshots (or other weird workarounds). With Read-Only View, you can create custom views of your calendar that are interactive, update in real-time, AND give your team the details they need (nothing more, nothing less). And eliminate unwanted edits to your projects!  When you share a Read-Only View with someone outside your calendar, they can only look at your projects †¦no edits, finger flubs, accidental deletions, or moving around your carefully planned marketing campaigns allowed. Want more information? Check out our Help Doc on  Share Read-Only Views.

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Proposal - Essay Example s showed correlations between violent video games and aggression (Gentile), poor social skills (Kutner and Olson), racism (Anderson, Buckley, and Gentile 8), and poor academic achievement (Bryant). Although the causative nature of violent video games is not yet widely accepted, several studies depict that the more time children spend in playing these games with crude language, the more verbally and physically aggressive they become (Anderson, Buckley, and Gentile; Fink). Bad language in violent media is a critical factor, because it can arouse negative thoughts and images, which can drive aggression (Fink). There could be a connection between listening to and speaking crude language, even if it is just â€Å"fantasy† or make-believe play for these games, and actually feeling and being more aggressive against others. These relationships between playing violent media and poor social and academic skills are not surprising, since the military has used violent video games to desensitize and to train soldiers to kill (Gentile). If the military can use violent media to prepare these soldiers for combat, it is not impossible for the same conditioning to happen for young children, whose moral, intellectual, and psychological stages are not prepared to understand the difference between â€Å"playing† and real-life aggression and violence. This is a proposal for a paper determining the impacts of violent video games on the youth, especially those kinds which contain profane language. Profane language pertains to cursing and treating other people verbally with disrespect. The topic of this proposal is violent video games with crude language. These are games that some adults normally play for fun and recreation. These games are also commonly made for adult audiences. They are not supposed to be played by adolescents, especially by younger children. In reality, however, children and teenagers have easy access to these games. Their parents may not be aware of the ratings on these

The Potential for Alternative Fuels in Transport Essay

The Potential for Alternative Fuels in Transport - Essay Example The various regions of the globe and transportation applications may present different challenges requiring different alternative fuels, but the need to preserve the environment and its resources is universal. (Pelkmans, p.1-3) The Associate Director of the Energy Program at Rice University, Amy Myers Jaffe, argues that the situation is more dangerous now than in 1973 or 1979, as the United States is more dependent on the oil from Saudi Arabia and other OPEC countries of uncertain geopolitical stability. "Of the Saudi oil, two-thirds goes through one processing plant and two terminals. " (qtd. in EBS, pars. 3-4) The electric vehicles touted after the oil crisis have not yet made it past the significant hurdles of economic and technical factors. Battery technology has not progressed as predicted, and remains the major weakness in electric vehicles. In the last few years, hybrid vehicles have become available, compromising the fuel-efficiency and environmental benefits of electric vehicles without their long-charging times or short range. Last year, over 86,000 hybrid vehicles were sold in the United States. (Barnitt and Eudy, p. 15) "It turns out that if, in 2025, every car and light truck were as efficient as today's hybrid cars and sports utility vehicles, that would displace two Gulf's worth of oil or a sixth of all the oil in the country," says Amory Lovins, CEO of the Rocky Mountain Institute. (qtd. in EBS, pars. 3-4) The use of alternative fuels, operating within assumptions of current fuel use and oil supplies, are inevitable. (Sperling, DeLuchi and Wang, p. 1) The United States owns only three percent of the world's oil reserves, but consumes 25 percent of the world's oil. There is a concensus that drilling our way to energy independence is not a feasible solution. (EBS, par. 4) The transportation fuel market represents about 53% of the world refinery product demand. If upstream (the fuel used in producing the fuel itself) consumption, asphalt and lubricant use are included, the transportation sector is responsible for about 60%. This share of the oil market is projected to increase in the next decades. The remainder of the oil products are used for heating, the production of plastics and other synthetics, and for the production of electricity. No large-scale substitute displays identical characteristics as oil-based fuels (gasoline and diesel,) and higher quality transport fuel requires highe r energy use in the refining process. The demand for transporation fuel will determine the demand the for crude oil on the whole. There are sufficient oil resources in place for the period up to 2030, provided that sufficient investments and developments are made in oil recovery. (Gielen and Unander, p. 7) The World Energy Outlook 2004 predicts a growth from 77 million barrels per day to 121.3 million barrels per day in 2030, and the OPEC Middle East share in world oil production is predicted to grow from 24.7% to 42.7% by this time. (Gielen and Unander, p. 8) "Until we find a substitute for the internal combustion engine to reduce our dependence on gasoline, we're stuck with imported oil," says Robert Ebel, the Chairman of the Energy Program at the Center for Strategic and

Finance - Stocks, Yields and Portfolios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance - Stocks, Yields and Portfolios - Essay Example It majors in computer software development. Mattson Technology Inc. is in the field of designing, developing, and manufacturing equipment for the manufacture of semiconductors and other products. It is also a significant player in the NASDAQ daily operations, and has a big presence across America. Advanced Management Strategies Group majors in logistics, program management, business consulting, engineering support, product lifecycle management (PLM), PLM IT tools, and IT services management. That therefore implies that the stock analysis carried out comprises one software, one hardware, and one consultancy firm. Discretely compounded return rate measures the rate of changes in the value of asset over a period assuming countable compounding periods while continuously compounded rate of return measures the rate of change in the asset value associated with a holding period under the assumption of continuous compounding. (Analyst Notes par 1). They are calculated as follows: The arithmetic mean return is a computation of the average returns for a specified period of time. It involves summing up all the returns for the specific period, then dividing the total by the individual number of sub-periods. The geometric mean return calculates the average rate per period on an investment that is compounded over multiple periods (Finance Formulas par1). c) Positively correlated stocks point to a high likelihood of similar trend in movement over the determined length of time. The stocks may be having a common factor that makes them tend to behave this way, for example for companies producing closely related goods, or those producing complementary goods such as cars and petroleum companies. It is advisable that potential clients shun positively correlated stocks, because if they suffer a slump, it will result in a double loss to the investor. Among the stocks featured in this report, MSFT and MTSN have the highest positive correlation, at 0.41730442. They

Discussing The Practice Of Manually Measuring Blood Pressure Nursing Essay

Discussing The Practice Of Manually Measuring Blood Pressure Nursing Essay In this assignment I have chosen to discuss a manual blood pressure a clinical skill in which I have become competent in practising. Developing the ability to perform a practical skill safely is necessary for all nursing students (Nursing and Midwifery Council NMC 2008). I will reflect on this skill using a reflective model I will be using the Gibbs model (1998) which consists of five elements description, feelings, evaluation, analysis conclusion and a action plan. I have chosen this skill as in all the clinical placements I have been placed in blood pressure monitoring has always been used but the electronic method preferred. While observing other healthcare professionals performing this skill I have encountered different standards and conflicting evidence. Having both the skills and the knowledge of how to take a manual blood pressure is essential for patient safety (NMC 2008). Achieving competence in this area has become more difficult since the introduction of the electronic BP monitors. I have researched the topic of blood pressure monitoring to give myself a greater knowledge. The patient was an 86 year old gentleman with hypertension (see Profile). High blood pressure is a very common condition in modern society if left undetected can lead to life threatening conditions (British Hypertension Society BHS 2009). It is estimated that 6.5% of patients have been wrongly diagnosed as hypersensitive having their blood pressure taken using an electronic method (Coe and Houghton 2002). Having the skill of taking a manual blood pressure is important for patientà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s safety and health. Description I was asked by my mentor while in clinical placement to perform a manual blood pressure. The electronic method that was usually used was faulty and an accurate reading could not be obtained. As a student nurse I had been taught the skill in university and practiced on fellow students but not had much opportunity to perform the skill on placement. Following a discussion with my mentor I collected the equipment to make sure it was all available and in working order. I returned to the patient and asked if I could carry out the procedure and washed my hands before starting. I then assessed the position of the patient to make sure I had access and that he had no restricting clothing on and that he was in a comfortable position. Placing a pillow under his elbow I placed a medium sized blood pressure cuff on the upper arm of the patient. The cuff was centred using the arrow on the cuff over the brachial artery. I then located the brachial pulse and placed my fingers over the pulse. Making sure the valve of the bladder was closed I inflated the blood pressure cuff until I could no longer feel the pulse, this is the estimated systolic pressure I then deflated the cuff. Leaving for a few seconds before continuing I located the brachial pulse again and placed the diaphragm of the stethoscope over this point. I inflated the cuff again to the estimated systolic I have previously gained adding 30mmhg. When reaching this point I began to deflate the cuff slowly and listen for the first beat or korotoff sounds. This would give me the systolic pressure and then continued to listen for the last beat which is the diastolic pressure. The last beat was very hard to listen for as the patient in the next bed began to cough so had to inflate the cuff again and listen until I could confirm the reading. After finishing the procedure I left the patient comfortable and went to clean the equipment, to document and report the result to my mentor. After performing the skill on the patient my mentor asked me to perform the skill on her to give me more practice after explaining to her I had not had much experience. While doing this she advised me on tips that would help me improve practice. She suggested that if the area was noisy that I could watch for a slight flicker on the needle of the sphygmomanometer to identify the first and last beat. Another tip was that I could use the radial artery instead of the brachial artery. My mentor also mentioned to make sure that the patient did not have their legs crossed. Feelings After this procedure I felt that I had performed the skill well even though I had not had a lot of practice performing the skill. Being asked to do the manual blood pressure I initially had reservation at whether I was competent at the procedure but think this was just lack of confidence. On reflection I would have had more confidence in myself if I had more opportunity to practice the skill in clinical practice. Evaluation A positive outcome is that I now feel more confident to perform the skill of taking a manual blood pressure accurately. Having performed the skill on my mentor after performing on the patient and being given tips that would improve my practice has given me the confidence to perform the skill. I also now have a better knowledge of the evidence based practice of taking a manual blood pressure after reading about the subject and the importance of accurately measuring the blood pressure. This includes different factor that can affect blood pressure and prevent from obtaining an accurate reading. However the negative of the situation is the manual blood pressure monitoring is not widely used in some clinical areas and they are heavily reliant on the electronic method. Analysis My mentor asked me to perform the manual blood pressure because the electronic method was not obtaining a reading. Discussing the procedure before with her gave me confidence to perform the skill, and the importance of being able to perform the skill accurately. Having a holistic approach this is one of the skills of looking at the whole patients and not just certain aspects. Being a holistic nurse is having the knowledge and theories behind the skill. Having the evidence based practice knowing what can affect the blood pressure and taking these factors into consideration. Collecting the equipment before starting the procedure making sure that it is all in working order before hand helps make sure that you are going to obtain a correct reading. Assessing the environment before starting the procedure doing a risk assessment making sure you have adequate access to the patient will help to improve practice. Gaining consent from the patient before beginning the procedure is following the nursing and midwifery code (2008). Gaining consent from a patient must be done before any clinical procedure is commenced and patients have the right to refuse treatment or care and a nurse must respect the wishes of the patient. Gaining consent helps to ensure the patient understands the procedure that is being performed. Washing hands before a procedure using the ayliffe technique encourages good practice (World Health Organisation 2002). Using evidence based research it has been discovered that cross infection between patients has reduced with the introduction of the wash your hands campaign (NSPA 2008). Making sure that the patient does not have any restrictive clothing on the arms and that the arm is supported at heart level. Evidence has show that blood pressure can be 10 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 12 mmhg higher when the blood pressure is taken with the arm dangling giving a false high reading (Mallett Dougherty 2008). Using the correct size cuff is very important as using the incorrect cuff can give a false reading (Perry Potter 2007). Making sure the cuff fits snugly on the upper arm covering about 80% of the arm (BHS 2009). Using the arrow on the cuff help to centre the cuff in the correct place and help to locate the brachial artery which is situated in the crook of the arm. Covering only 80% of the arm also gives enough access to use the stethoscope not doing this may result in the sounds not being able to be heard adequately. Locating the brachial pulse and feeling for until it disappears this is the estimated systolic and adding 30mmhg to the pressure when inflated (Baillie 2005) this is so unnecessary pressure is not added to the arm while the skill is being performed. Using the radial artery instead of the brachial artery does give better access and I have found that it is easier to find on most patients. Using the tips given to me by my mentor I know feel that I have the knowledge to accurately perform a manual blood pressure. Gain supporting evidence from The Royal Marsden Manual (Mallett Dougherty 2008) and other sources has helped me to improve my practice which has given me more confidence to perform this skill with accuracy and competence. Conclusion I am pleased that I was given the opportunity by my mentor to improve my practice in performing the skill of taking a manual blood pressure. I am now more confident in performing the skill and can understand the importance of providing an accurate reading. The measuring of a manual blood pressure is an important skill and the evidence based practice is also a vital part of the procedure. When checking a blood pressure the most accurate method to use is a manual blood pressure (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NICE 2004) Action Plan I am going to take every opportunity where possible to perform manual blood pressure monitoring as I feel that I am confident and competent enough to do so. Having this skill means that if electronic medical devices fail that I have the ability to carry on with my duties and will not affect patient care. The knowledge that I have gained from my mentor about the tips on performing a manual blood pressure I can pass on to my fellow students and other health care professionals and they can also improve their knowledge and performance on taking a manual blood pressure. In doing this I can hopefully improve patient care and make the care more individual to the patent. Words 1,634

sport marketing :: essays research papers

Sport Marketing The notion of "marketing myopia" has haunted marketers since Theodore Levitt published his famous article "Marketing Myopia" in Harvard Business Review in 1960. Levitt argues that companies which narrowly focus on the product to the detriment of customer requirements (i.e., dispensing with the marketing concept) suffer from marketing myopia. Myopia or shortsightedness is often apparent within organizations. Several types of marketing myopia can be identified including classic myopia, competitive myopia and efficiency myopia. Companies displaying one of these three elements are clearly distinguishable from innovative firms which embrace the marketing concept in practice and which have a much broader scope than is required for a single business sector. In order to overcome myopia and become innovative, the following is recommended:  Companies should hold a generic view of themselves and of the industry in which they operate  Companies should also take the crucial step to monitor other industries  Benchmarking should be conducted  Marketing staff should be recruited but not necessarily from the same sector  Companies should be flexible and seek unique solutions. The biggest reason for market myopia is the lack of research or the inefficiency of that research. Almost all of the myopia could be avoided if research and the researchers were trained and the thought process was developed in a good fashion. All of marketing whether it is in sports or out of sports all revolves around the same basic principles the four P’s. In all of marketing the P’s are: Product, Price, Place and Promotion, however in sport there is an added principle and that is Public relations. Even the best marketers can come up short according to these principles because it does not matter how much you know but rather in a service business such as sport it most important to be able to interact with the consumers. A great example of a lack of interaction is here at Merrimack College. Our sport programs do not get enough marketing coverage both on and off campus. Our Sports Information Director does not place flyers in the student union and also he does not advertise on the college television channel. Here at Merrimack, they lack the Promotion aspect of their sports, which includes our division one hockey program. A great example of this lack of communication was the fact that when the hockey team was playing against then #1 Maine, the campus was not informed of this huge game.

Self Interest Motivates

Humans have always wondered what drives them to make the choices the make. One of the theories people have come up with is that self-interest primarily motivates mankind. This theory is defended in the actions of Luba and her suitor in Angels of Bergen-Belsen, the decisions made by Ilsa Hermann and Hans Hubermann in The Book Thief, and the struggles with death in Night. In Angel of Bergen-Belsen, Luba, a Polish Jewish woman, loses her son as she is taken prisoner into a concentration camp in Bergen-Belsen where she saves the lives of forty-eight abandoned children in the camps in hope that someone is caring for her son as she cares for them. She takes care of the children because she misses her son, Isaac, who was taken away from her at the time of the selection process during the entrance to the camp. To make up for the loss, she fulfills her motherly instincts by feeding and comforting the children who were abandoned. The children also motivate her to live because they are dependent on her and make her feel obligated to keep living for them. If Luba dies, they will be less likely to survive in the hardships of the camps. They make her feel wanted and needed. With this her she is able to answer her urge to live and can face the harsh situations presented to her. Her desire to live lets her adapt to harsh circumstances presented to her so with the misfortune of losing her son, she lets the new children she finds replace her son. Her suitor, a German officer in charge of her barrack, however, was not able to gain her affection like the children. He does his best to try and capture her heart by bringing her gifts like wood, which Jews were not allowed to have. It seems as if he is trying to help the woman he loves get what she needs, but the real motive for it is that he is trying to win her heart. Even though he does actually want to help Luba, he wants to satisfy his own desire and self-interest for her love more. In The Book Thief, Ilsa Hermann does not report Liesel to the authorities for taking a book from a bonfire during Hitler’s birthday in Molching because she is intrigued by her. She does that not because she cares about Liesel’s future, but because she has taken an interest to Liesel and wants to get to know her. To get closer to Liesel, she invites her into her library and shares her book with her. She tries to keep Liesel close because Liesel’s provocative behavior distracts her from her depression from her son’s death. She basically wants Liesel around because Liesel is able to draw away the depressing thoughts Ilsa has. On the other hand, Hans Hubermann helps hide Max Vandenburg from being captured by the Nazis because â€Å"he had Erik Vandenburg to thank† (Zusak 176) for saving his life during the First World War. He offers Erik’s wife to call him whenever she needs help as compensation. He feels obligated to do this because he would feel guilty if he did not do anything in return for the man that saved his life. When Max’s call for help comes, Hans wants to fulfill his promise to the Vandenburg family so that he won’t feel any guilt for being the sole survivor of the battle. In order to fulfill his sense of justice, he agrees to hide Max in his house. He does not want to shoulder the burden of knowing that he allowed his savior’s son to die when he had an opportunity of saving him or at least increasing his chances of survival. He also wants to be true to himself and do what he believes is the right thing to do because â€Å"A Jew once saved his life and he could not forget that† (Zusak 180). Furthermore, in Night, Elie and his father struggle to keep each alive because they give each other a reason to continue living in the world. Elie does his best to persuade his father to keep living, and he tells himself that he â€Å"[has] no right to let [himself] die† because he â€Å"is his [father’s] sole support† (Wiesel 87). They both do not want to be left to fend for themselves in the work camps and to have to face the harshness of the world themselves. Their dependency for each other is shown when the â€Å"father and son often walk together holding hands in the camps, afraid that they will be separated. They ask for the same work assignments, sleep in the same building, share food, and sing Hasidic songs together† (Wiesel 29). Elie looks towards his father for guidance, and his father looks towards Elie for strength. They keep each other alive for their own self benefit so that they will have someone to lean on for help. Despite Elie’s close relationship with his father, that wasn’t the case for all fathers and sons. As the Jews were being transported to a different camp, German workers would take â€Å"a piece of bread out of [their] bag and [throw] it into a wagon† (Wiesel 100). The men inside the wagon fight like animals for a few crumbs. One old man manages to get a piece. His son sees and attacks his own father for the bread. He is motivated to kill his own father for it for his desire to survive and live on. He is not interested in the well-being, but only of his own. He will do whatever is necessary for survival. Angel of Bergen-Belsen, The Lunch Date, The Book Thief, and Night all show the same trait of self-interest being the main cause for motivating people to make the decisions they make. Even though their actions will have a good effect, their intentions behind them are actually for their own self-interests and benefits.