History of the Euro Essay -- Europe Eurpean Currency Money Essays

History of the Euro After the hotly anticipated single money execution known as the euro, there have been many high points and low points to this financial framework. Many have rushed to censure while others despite everything acclaim its worth asserting it will before long be esteemed unequivocally against the dollar. Our paper investigates the different parts of the euro and the advancement it has made since its introduction. We start with a short history of the euro at that point proceed onward by bringing up certain issues concerning the impacts of the euro on different monetary viewpoints, for example, rivalry and worldwide money related establishments. We at that point give knowledge to the different qualities and shortcomings of the euro and the suggestions this cash has on different foundations, for example, banks. We finish up the paper by introducing various difficulties the euro may look sooner rather than later, just as its present conditions. Presentation As of late in Europe and its neighboring nations, the discussion has been about the recently introduced euro into the ever-developing European market. The euro has been the new money for the twelve nations having a place with Euroland since January 1, 2002. The nations that have received the euro are the accompanying: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, the Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. The large inspiration driving the euro is to empower a market that an ever increasing number of seems as though one European market. The objective is for the European capital market to be as productive as could be expected under the circumstances, as this is an essential for supportable financial turn of events. To more readily see how the euro occurred, one must return to 1979. This is the point at which the possibility of the euro was in its absolute first stage. History of the Euro On March ... .../html/rubrique-cadre5html?pag=rubrique- europa5.html/lang=5/chap18/rubrique=261 â€Å"The European Union in Your Hand† 7) Eltis, Walter. Euro Debate Panel. www.kingston.ac.uk/~en_5007/euro/eurosum.htm 8) www.fortune.com 9) Gazi, Ercel: Governor of Central Bank of Turkey. Dunya Gazetesi, Euro Meeting, Istanbul, Nov 27, 1998 10) George, Edward: â€Å"Progress of the Euro.† www.bis.org/survey/r001024.a.pdf 11) Hersch, Warren. PC Reseller News. â€Å"Euro Progress Crawls Along.† Manhasset; Feb 21, 2000 12) www.howstuffworks.com/euro7.htm 13) â€Å"International Effects of the Euro.† www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/com/Policybriefs/Pb042/pb42.htm 14) White, William: â€Å"The Euro and Financial Markets: Challenges for Bankers and Policymakers.† www.bis.org/discourses/sp991113.htm 15) http://cobweb.creighton.edu/cps/â€Å"Euro†

How to Develop an Evangelistic Lifestyle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Instructions to Develop an Evangelistic Lifestyle - Essay Example In this book, the writer uncovers how one may keep the conviction that Gospel can obviously and viably convey the message with no legalism that turns elegance befuddling. In addition, with the assistance of this book, one can become familiar with his definitive confidence in Christ as a Savior. As it is accepted and gospel message that all the adherents to Christ are the delegates and the envoys for Jesus having obligation to pronounce His message to the whole world, in truth the fallen word. Missionary Paul is a gigantic case of an adoring and striking delegate for Jesus. He approached with the message of participation and compromise to each one of the individuals who interact with him. He was the individual who truly did loyal evangelism for an amazing duration. Then again, the vast majority of us can't end up being Apostle Paul. For some adherents of Jesus Christ, the activity of evangelism is something this may transform them into blame and dread. For a large portion of the adher ents, it's anything but an euphoric encounter than what it ought to be. Albeit numerous devotees put in incredible endeavors to create evangelistic way of life and announcing the glorious gospel’s messages and yet some neglect to comprehend the direness of this otherworldly sustenance. In this way, Dr. Moyer calls attention to what should be possible to grow progressively loyal evangelistic endeavors. In the primary part, How to Develop an Evangelistic Lifestyle, Dr. ... Christ orders to his agents â€Å"Go into the world and lecture the gospel to each creature.† This refrain essentially tells that evangelism requires genuine commitment and the compliance of God. Then again, as per Dr. Moyer, a few people pardon while spreading the message of gospel to their environmental factors which is totally opposing in accomplishing evangelistic way of life. It is likewise introduced in the book that those people who present themselves completely to evangelism additionally offer themselves to supplications. They likewise demand God to offer them with boldness to talk about Gospel. This invigorated them to comprehend that God can do this or He will most likely do that. Individual contact is additionally basic in creating evangelism. We may have contact with non-Christians in a social gathering or in a casual conversation in regards to profound things. Also, we ought not let fear and frenzy set in our manner. With the assistance of this underlying data set forward by Dr. Moyer, clearly evangelistic way of life consistently manages genuine duty and compliance. It additionally requests earnest endeavors and inclusions as opposed to simply building up a minor expectation. It is an extraordinary method to carry lost people to the correct way of God. Close to these underlying subtleties introduced by Dr. Moyer, the second section of the book under title How to Turn a Conversation to Spiritual Things is unmistakably all the more intriguing. As per Dr. Moyer, discussing otherworldly things is nothing troublesome except for just to the individuals who are as of now intrigued. Thus, the inquiry is that how to manage those non-Christians who are not intrigued by such subjects. How we can raise the subject of Spiritual things to conversation. How we can divert the subject of conversation from Golf to God, from common to

Reading Comprehension Strategies for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Reading Comprehension Strategies for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 5 practical, hands-on strategies for addressing reading comprehension issues that accompany Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children and teens. This resource features an overview of why students on the spectrum may struggle with reading comprehension, and a collection of strategies aimed at helping to improve reading skills and outcomes. Special and general educators alike will find this resource helpful in understanding and improving reading comprehension, and providing reading instruction that empowers and enables an inclusive classroom. Subjects: Reading and Literature (3,645) Reading Comprehension (967) Reading Instruction (333) Social and Emotional Development (114) TYPE: Teaching Resource (1,011) iSocial, the University of Missouri, and the  Thompson Center for Autism and  Neurodevelopmental Disorders. The 32 lessons developed as part of this research-based collaboration have proven  efficacy in helping children with autism develop socialization skills. Seven years of research and studies in 60 schools  show that significant improvements can be made. For more information on how you can help children with autism and  support school requirements, please visit the iSocial website.?

Reading Comprehension Strategies for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Reading Comprehension Strategies for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 5 practical, hands-on strategies for addressing reading comprehension issues that accompany Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children and teens. This resource features an overview of why students on the spectrum may struggle with reading comprehension, and a collection of strategies aimed at helping to improve reading skills and outcomes. Special and general educators alike will find this resource helpful in understanding and improving reading comprehension, and providing reading instruction that empowers and enables an inclusive classroom. Subjects: Reading and Literature (3,645) Reading Comprehension (967) Reading Instruction (333) Social and Emotional Development (114) TYPE: Teaching Resource (1,011) iSocial, the University of Missouri, and the  Thompson Center for Autism and  Neurodevelopmental Disorders. The 32 lessons developed as part of this research-based collaboration have proven  efficacy in helping children with autism develop socialization skills. Seven years of research and studies in 60 schools  show that significant improvements can be made. For more information on how you can help children with autism and  support school requirements, please visit the iSocial website.?

The Life Of Alexander The Great - 1681 Words

Mohand Mahdi Professor Hudenburg History 101 December 9 2015 The life of Alexander the Great Alexander achieved more noteworthy deeds than most of the rulers who had lived before him, but additionally, the individuals who were to come later down to our time. Alexander the Great was conceived at Pella Macedonia in 356 B.C.E. He spent his adolescent years watching his dad changing Macedonia into an extraordinary military force. His Father was King Phillip and his mother was Olympias. His mom was the rule of neighboring Epirus. She was a profoundly otherworldly woman who taught her child about his predecessors, for example, Achilles and Hercules. From his most punctual age, he was molded for victory and eminence in being a lord. He then got to be centered on turning into an extraordinary ruler, which he soon would get to be. As a young man, Alexander was courageous and solid. At 12 years old he tamed a delightful steed by the name of Bucephalus, a stallion than nobody else could ride. He was taught how to fight and ride by Leonidas of Epirus, a relative of his mother. His Father was so pleased with him and his horsemanship. Alexander taught how to read, write, and play lyre by Lysimachus of Acarnania. Aristotle came to Pella in 343 at Phillips offering to direct training towards his child. Alexander was taught by him from the age of fourteen. Alexander was taught by Aristotle at the Mieza Temple. Alexander was advised to have a solid athletic form, yet was shorter than theShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Alexander The Great994 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Alexander the Great Camia Lopez Alexander the Great, the Son of King Philip II of Macedonia, was a young yet ambitious leader who conquered many nations. In ancient Greece, Greeks desired their leaders to be intelligent, prestigious, loyal, and hospitable. Alexander, an ambitious commander, satisfied all categories to qualify as a great leader. Alexander was born into nobility for his father was a descendent of Heracles, and his mother was a descendent of Aeacus. As Alexander grewRead MoreThe Life Of Alexander The Great1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of Alexander the Great There are many great conquers in the history of this world. Augustus Caesar, Atilla the Hun, Charlemagne, to name a few. But none of these quite measure up to Alexander III of Macedonia. Or, his more common title: Alexander the Great. He conquered much of Asia and the Persian Empire, and left a legacy that will not be forgotten. Alexander III was born in Pella, capitol of Macedonia, on July 20th 356 BC to Olympus, Princess of Epirus, and Philip II, King of MacedoniaRead MoreAlexander The Great s Life1660 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great was born on July 20, 356 B.C. in Pella. During his childhood Alexander’s father was actually not around that much. Alexander’s father was usually away fighting with the neighboring nations. However, one very important thing to Alexander’s father and mother was that he was to get an amazing education. While he was young, Alexander’s father hired him a tutor. One of the tutors was Aristotle, who was a very famous Greek Philosopher. When Alexander was only sixteen years old his fatherRead MoreEssay on Life and Times of Alexander the Great1679 Words   |  7 PagesLife and Times of Alexander the Great Introduction Alexander the great made an impact on world history that few individuals can profess to have done. He ruled all of the known world, and one of the largest empires ever. His men were the first westerners to encounter tales of the Yeti. They even discovered and classified new types of flora and fauna, such as the red mold that grew on their bread while they were in Asia, and made it appear as if it were bleeding. He expandedRead MoreThe Life of Alexander the Great (Written from Alexander the Greats Perspective)1679 Words   |  7 Pagespowerful military forces to take ownership of vast amounts of land. A great example of a conqueror is Julius Caesar of the great Roman Empire. Julius Caesar conquered much of Gaul (Modern day France). Another good example of a conqueror is Alexander the great. Alexander had held land from Macedonia to the borders of the Indus valley. Through the conquest of Egypt, Persia, and the northern borders of India, Alexander the Great was a one of the greatest conquerors of all time. My O my son, lookRead MoreAlexander the Great: the Man, the Life, the Legacy Essay example1465 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great: The Man, the Life, the Legacy History is full of remarkable characters. Whether they were noble or unrepentant in their actions those were what made them immortal through our recorded history. One such character is Alexander the Great. Some have accused him as a drunken killer who wanted only to have the world under his rule. Others deem him as a kind-hearted man who wanted to better the world by spreading the culture of his people. The decision of what is in the right andRead MoreAlexander: Truly Great Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander, son of King Philip II of Macedon, is known as Alexander the Great. However, was he truly great? One may look at his many accomplishments to decide if he deserves the title. Sometimes character is the test of determining if a man is great. Alexander meets both standards with his philosophic background, conquering abilities, victories in battle, and outstanding accomplishments; therefore, he truly meets his title as Alexander the Great Alexander was born in 356 B.C. to King Philip II fRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great, son of King Philip II of Macedonia, underwent a journey of overwhelming odds. Alexander led his army through multiple victories across the Persian territories of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt without the agony of a single defeat. A noteworthy battle of Alexander was the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 B.C.E. The Battle of Gaugamela is significant because it ended Darius’s rule over Persia. [new par.] There are several forces and factors that contribute in making Alexander the GreatRead MoreAn Accurate Historical Account of Alexander the Great in Flavius Arrianus Xenophons The Campaigns of Alexander704 Words   |  3 PagesFlavius Arrianus Xenophon, also known as Arrian, author of â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† is also well known throughout history for his educational connection with philosopher Epictetus. This book was meant to be Arrianâ⠂¬â„¢s master piece; his claim to fame. Arrian created â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† to depict the life and times of Alexander the Great (July 20, 356-June 10, 323 BC). Today Arrian’s â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† is considered one of his greatest pieces of work and is recognized historicallyRead MoreAlexander The Great : Legacy Of A Conqueror Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesWinthrop Lindsay Adams, the author of Alexander the Great: Legacy of a Conqueror, is a history professor at the university of Utah. Other than Alexander the Great: Legacy of a conqueror, Professor Adams has written other works, which include Sport, Spectacle and Society, Ancient Macedonia, Alexander s Successor to 221 B.C.E, Sport and Ethnicity in Ancient Macedonia, The Macedonian Wars, The Antigonids, and The Frontier Policy of Philip II. The author s typical style of writing is history, which

Pathophysiology Of A Common Form Of Diabetes Mellitus

Pathophysiology Diabetes mellitus is broadly described as a chronic, metabolic disorder characterized by abnormalities metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion and action. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common form of diabetes mellitus that has emerged as one of the biggest health problems today affecting millions of people. The core defects that lead to T2DM are insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissue, progressive ÃŽ ²-cell dysfunction, and excessive hepatic glucose production (â€Å"Facts about type 2†, 2015). T2DM has been known to predominantly affect overweight or obese individuals although studies have made it clear that individuals vary are susceptibility. This paper seeks to explain the pathophysiology of T2DM†¦show more content†¦However, the level of insulin is inappropriately low relative to their elevated blood glucose concentration. According to the American Diabetes Association (2015), type 2 diabetes has been classified as an illness due to the progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance. Insulin and glucagon are known to be the key mediators in balancing plasma glucose in a healthy body. Insulin is a hormone from the pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cell that decreases plasma glucose by driving tissues uptake of glucose from the blood stream and suppressing hepatic glucose production. On the other hand, glucagon stimulates hepatic glucose production which then raises glucose level in the body. Amylin, a hormone, is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cells that are responsible for modulating the rate of gastric emptying and suppresses the release of glucagon. Course of Illness/Trajectory A disease trajectory is defined as the course of an illness over time, plus the actions of clients, families and healthcare professionals to manage that course. In the assessment of disease trajectory, research spans all phases of the health/illness trajectory that include people who are healthy, critically ill, living with the chronic illness, and those at the end of life. Type II diabetes mellitus, when examined against the historical trajectory of changes in indigenous health, is a relatively new disease. According to Larsen (2009), it

Week Chapter Questions Free Essays

Team Oriented: You will become part Of a special, elaborate team when you become part of supply management. The team will consist of engineers, operations, and quality people and suppliers to help the firm obtain necessary supplies, materials, and services as the vignette alluded. Competitive Salary: Starting salaries in supply management arena is lucrative. We will write a custom essay sample on Week Chapter Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although education and experience drives your starting salary, possessing minimum education (Associates Degree) and limited to none experience will still prove to be beneficial in regards to your salary. . Describe seven ways in which supply management has an impact on a firm’s sales. Listed below are seven ways in which supply management has an impact on firm’s sales: Faster to Market: Bottom line – The faster you can introduce a new product or service to the market, the larger market share you will encompass. Improved Quality: Leasing the total number of defects that a manufacture produces, the more they can command premium prices. Furthermore, having a reduced of defects can satisfy your customers and alleviate them from amount going to competitors. Price Flexibility: Having a strategic outlook can significantly reduce the total cost. Example: Is it more beneficial to lease a vehicle than to buy one? Would surmise that leasing would; lease vs.. Purchase analysis is the key. Innovation: Collaboratively communicate with your supply base; holds a lucrative percentage of all new successful products. Enhanced Customer Satisfaction: Customer service drives sells – up and down – depending on the service rendered. Customer Fulfillment Flexibility: Strategically planning allows more lead-time and flexibility if changes may occur. Shorter Cycle and Lead Time: Improved supplier camaraderie and participation in supplier product and process improvements is advantageous. 13. Why does support for strategic supply chain management have to come from the top management of an organization? Strategic supply chain management has to come from the top due to their position. If they are not cascading appropriately, then their subordinates will not buy in to what they are trying to achieve. Chapter 2 1 . Why is supply management’s position in the corporation’s organizational structure important? Organizational structure significantly influences the department’s capability to function optimally and persuade the decision- making process involved in effective procurement. The higher supply management is on the organizational chart, the more he/she can influence corporate strategy considerably. 4. Why are many organizations using a hybrid approach to decision-making authority in their supply management? Organizations are using hybrid approaches in decision-making authority in their supply management, to cut down on cost. In the early 1 sass, the introduction of computers made it considerably more accessible, in regards to procuring goods and services. Electronic billing and payment of invoices, enhanced cash flow while minimizing the total cost of doing business. 7. Identify some ways in which cross-functional teams could be useful in developing new products or completing value analysis functions. Cross- functional teams could be useful in developing or completing value analysis functions in regards to the development or addendum to a statement of work. Take for instance, an upcoming complex food service contract. You may not be a food service subject matter expert – no worries. Surround yourself with subject matter experts, to create the statement of work. Personnel that should be involved are the contract officer, contract officer representative, technical expert(s), lawyer(s), and any other representative that will facilitate with the statement of work. Chapter 3 3. How can engineering product specifications affect the price of the product? Material specified by engineering must be cost effective, to have an idea return on investment in regards to the price of the product. Preferably, you would like to have your material accessible by multiple suppliers for a more resourceful, low-cost manufacturer. Although, you want to get the best deal (bang for the buck), ultimately, you want to ensure your product is justifiable for your customers. 4. How can a product that costs more save the company money overall? Products that cost more can inevitably save the company none overall by purchasing a more reliable, durable and/or cost efficient product. How to cite Week Chapter Questions, Papers

Teen Literacy free essay sample

This affect stays with people through out their lives and affects adults as well. There are cures but they do take a while to work. If people don’t practice the cures everyday then they will not be as effective. Teachers have noticed many grammar mistakes in children’s writing and on their homework. It is the teachers responsibility to correct the children’s mistakes. A new language has developed through the social medium of text messaging. Abbreviations and slang have replaced vocabulary. Is it possible that text messaging is disintegrating children’s knowledge of proper sentence structure? Texting is a huge part of teenagers lives. Teenagers start to receive cell phones at the age of 12. . I believe this is a really young age to start receiving cell phones. Teenagers literacy is affected by texting. If they receive phones younger, their literacy gets worse as the years progress. Girls literacy is affected more than guys because girls are more bound to text than guys. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Literacy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2/3 of teens surveyed in the Pew research claim they are more apt to text with their phones than actually speak. The cure to fixing teenagers literacy is making them write. If you make your son or daughter write long paragraphs and point out where they abbreviated or spelt something wrong, it will make them want to correct what was wrong because they don’t want to do it again. Although, many teenagers do not want to practice writing, they do not only have to practice by writing, they can practice while texting. If they start to spell words out while texting, they will learn the proper way to spell it and won’t want to abbreviate, because they will realize that spelling the whole word out properly only took two more seconds than abbreviating. . School also plays a big role in affecting teen literacy. Teachers take on a huge roll for students writing, and literacy. It is the teachers job to correct teens when abbreviating a word in an essay. If teachers don’t correct students, students will think it is okay to keep writing the way their writing and will never want to fix it. . Considering most teachers also texted when they were teens and still text now, it is harder for them to find some of the mistakes an older teacher would find, because their minds have been corrupted with the texting world. Teachers also enjoy using abbreviations while texting because it does same time, when trying to type or write something really long. No one is destroying the English language, the English language just keeps changing. This is due to texting, there is no one to blame. It has been proved, that â€Å"hyper-texting† does exist, but what is â€Å"hyper-texting†? â€Å"Hyper-texting† is sending more than 120 texts a day. This can lead if an increased risk of smoking, drinking, physical violence and sexual activity. Since texting has become a huge part of peoples lives, cell phone companies have tried to figure out a way to improve peoples spelling mistakes and abbreviations. Recently, all cell phones have been give auto correct. This helps everyone learn how to correctly type a message and fix any mistakes that may have been created. Teen literacy has been affected in many ways, texting is only one but major way it has been affected. Teen’s grammar appears to really be changing in homework. It is the teacher’s responsibility to do their job and correct children when they are wrong, but teachers were once teenagers and don’t always catch mistakes because they abbreviate as well. There is a social as well as a physical impact on teenagers lives. Many people try to present change as a negative way, but its not a good idea. Children are just going with society, there is no one to blame but society. With texting, teens always feel connected with their friends, they’re never alone. â€Å"About 75 percent of 12- to 17-year-olds in the United States own cellphones, and 75 percent of these teens send text messages.

Bilingualism - Definition and Examples

Bilingualism s Bilingualism is the ability of an individual or the members of a community to use two languages effectively. Adjective: bilingual. Monolingualism refers to the ability to use a single language. The ability to use multiple languages is known as multilingualism. More than half of the  worlds population is bilingual or  multilingual: 56% of Europeans are bilingual, while 38% of the population in Great Britain, 35% in Canada, and 17% in the United States are bilingual (Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia, 2013). Etymology From the Latin, two tongue Examples and Observations Bilingualism as the NormBilingualismmore generally, multilingualismis a major fact of life in the world today. To begin with, the worlds estimated 5,000 languages are spoken in the worlds 200 sovereign states (or 25 languages per state), so that communication among the citizens of many of the worlds countries clearly requires extensive bi- (if not multi-)lingualism. In fact, David Crystal (1997) estimates that two-thirds of the worlds children grow up in a bilingual environment. Considering only bilingualism involving English, the statistics that Crystal has gathered indicate that, of the approximately 570 million people world-wide who speak English, over 41 percent or 235 million are bilingual in English and some other language. . . . One must conclude that, far from being exceptional, as many lay people believe, bilingualism/multilingualismwhich, of course, goes hand in hand with multiculturalism in many casesis currently the rule throughout the world and will become increasingly s o in the future.(Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie, Introduction. The Handbook of Bilingualism. Blackwell, 2006) Global MultilingualismThe political history of the 19th and 20th centuries and the ideology of one stateone nationone language have given rise to the idea that monolingualism has always been the default or normal case in Europe and more or less a precondition for political loyalty. Facing this situation, it has been overlooked that the vast majority of the worlds populationin whatever form or conditionsis multilingual. This is quite obvious when we look at the linguistic maps of Africa, Asia or Southern America at any given time.(Kurt Braunmà ¼ller and Gisella Ferraresi, Introduction. Aspects of Multilingualism in European Language History. John Benjamins, 2003)Individual and Societal BilingualismBilingualism exists as a possession of an individual. It is also possible to talk about bilingualism as a characteristic of a group or community of people [societal bilingualism]. Bilinguals and multilinguals are most often located in groups, communities or in a particular region (e.g. Cata lans in Spain). . . . [C]o-existing languages may be in a process of rapid change, living in harmony or one rapidly advancing at the cost of the other, or sometimes in conflict. Where many language minorities exist, there is often language shift . . ..(Colin Baker and Sylvia Prys Jones, Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Multilingual Matters, 1998) Foreign Language Instruction in the U.S.For decades, U.S. policymakers, business leaders, educators, and research organizations have decried our students’ lack of foreign language skills and called for better language instruction. Yet, despite these calls for action, we have fallen further behind the rest of the world in preparing our students to communicate effectively in languages other than English.I believe the main reason for this disparity is that foreign languages are treated by our public education system as less important than math, science and English. In contrast, E.U. governments expect their citizens to become fluent in at least two languages plus their native tongue. . . .[F]oreign language instruction in the U.S. is frequently considered a luxury, a subject taught to college-bound students, more frequently in affluent than poor school districts, and readily cut when math or reading test scores drop or budget cuts loom.(Ingrid Pufahl, How Europe Does It. The New York Times, February. 7, 2010)

Challenger essays

Challenger essays Even some sixteen years later I still remember the day and what I was doing when I heard that the space shuttle Challenger had exploded. I was five years old in 1986, attending elementary school and being a normal five year old. On Tuesday January 28, 1986 I was home sick from school being babysat by my grandmother because my parents were at work. I knew that day was important because we had talked about the space launch in school and planned on watching it that day. The space launch was extra special this time because it was going to be the first time a civilian would go into space and this was no ordinary civilian it would be a high school teacher named Christa McAuliffe. Just like everyone else tuned into the television that morning I witnessed before my eyes the worst space disaster to date. Dubbed the most memorable moment of the 80s the Challenger explosion was the 80s children most memorable event. There were several reasons that the explosion has had such an affect on my generation. The space launch was being broadcasted across United States live from Kennedy Space Center in Florida (Mahal). This launch was one of the most publicized launches due to the first civilian going into space and also that the launch had been delayed five times before (Mahal). The launch took place on January 28, 1986 at Kennedy Space Center in Florida (Mahal). The skis about Kennedy Space Center were clear and the sun was out in the sky. However the day was very cold the temperature were only slightly above freezing. This launch was going to be the coldest that NASA had ever launched before. The time of lift off was 11:38 AM Eastern Standard Time this was when the 25th shuttle mission lifted off headed towards space. The shuttle would never make it into space it exploded only seventy-three seconds after liftoff killing all seven members of its crew. The video footage of the explosion is the most haunting thing about the mome...

Organizational Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Design - Essay Example Organizational Design Orlando Health is a network of privately run, non-profit community and specialty hospitals, located in Orlando, Florida. The network consists of eight health care institutions, and the one which is the focus of this brief report is Orlando Regional Medical Center (ORMC), which is the only level one trauma center in Central Florida and also the corporation's flagship medical center. Although, the network consists of eight institutions, each one operates independently and works under a decentralized setup. OHCG is at its heart a decentralized one. (Freund 1995). There is a centralized leadership with CEO and top management teams, but each institution functions independently. As far as physical location is concerned, though the main campus of Orlando Health is located with four out of the eight health care institutions including ORMC grouped together in that campus, each one has a separate or decentralized physical setup. This design enables each institution to act independently and also coordinate when there is a need. Focusing on ORMC, it is an 808-bed hospital specializing in trauma, critical care, emergency care, cardiology, orthopedics and neurosciences. (About Us, n. d). So, its function is to treat critically injured patients as part of trauma care, with a dedicated team of certified doctors, nurses and other technicians working 24/7.

Origins of American Criminal Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Origins of American Criminal Law - Research Paper Example With the development of criminal law in the 20th century, Jurisprudence in America distanced itself more from the common law concept that a crime was made up of two elements; a guilt mind and deed. The obligation of an act is one that is proof of a choice made, yet choice is what introduces the state of mind. In an attempt to make the criminal law more predictable and uniform, legal theorists and judges had to marginalize the principle of â€Å"intent.† This group sought to shape lines between civil law and criminal law by limiting, or doing away with some requirements. The Fifth Amendment of the U.S Constitution The Fifth Amendment originated from the whole Bill of Rights, US Constitution’s first ten amendments. Individuals who met in their States to approve the Constitution thought that the federal government might go beyond its powers. This amendment provides that no individual shall be held answerable for capital or renowned crime, except on an indictment or present ation of a grand jury, in exception of cases resulting from naval or land forces, or in the army, during actual service in public danger or time of war. No person shall be subjected to a similar offense to be placed in jeopardy of limb or life; nor be bound in a given criminal case to witness against himself, nor be deprived of property, life, or liberty, without due process of law. Private property shall not be taken to be used publicly with no just compensation (Scheb, 2011). It was important for the Fifth Amendment to be included to protect citizens from self-incrimination. It protects both the innocent and the guilty individuals who may find themselves in incriminating conditions. The right has vital implications especially for police interrogations, a mechanism that the police use to get evidence through confessions from suspects. Powers granted to the federal government versus those granted to state governments to make criminal laws Articles one to six of the American Constitu tion restrict some state powers and define Federal powers. Only the Federal government can declare war, govern some tribes, and raise a navy or armies, and coin money. The Tenth amendment gives powers to the state governments by stating that powers not given by the Constitution to the US, nor forbidden by it to the states, are set aside for the States or to citizens. States are entitled to pass laws that protect the economic, safety, and health of its citizens. The specification in these powers was to reduce the fear that central government would be too strong to bear, thus moving ratification along, states were given some powers to ignore or take actions if the Constitution of Federal laws went too far in making laws. Definition and comparison of the four main goals of the criminal justice system The criminal justice system is the system that enforces law, corrections, the judiciary, and trial that directly involves apprehension, defense, prosecution, supervision, and sentencing of suspects or people with criminal offense charges. The objective of the criminal justice system is to ensure justice for all, through punishing and convicting the guilty and to help them stop offenses, but at the same time protecting those who are innocent (Jones & Johnstone, 2011). The major goals are distinctive but work hand in hand. It aims at improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the system to bring offenses to justice. While doing this, the public should be confident enough in the fairness of these services. Victim satisfaction with the police should be increased, but at the same time, the CJS should increase witness and victim satisfaction. All the goals are collectively met through a consistent collection, evaluation, and good use of quality ethnicity information to spot and address race dispropotionality in the Justice system. Police power and its limitations Police power may be used to refer to the powers granted by the constitution to the States to govern, adopt, make, and enforce

Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind Film Studies Essay

Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind Film Studies Essay In this analysis of the style and structure of Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (Michel Gondry, 2004), the following research question shall be addressed: how does filmic style and narrative structure evoke atmosphere, define character, and provide cues that generate audience reactions? It will be argued that the film constructs a bittersweet tale of love using an unconventional and fragmented narrative structure; portraying the effects of memory erasure by immersing viewers within the subjective world of the protagonists mind. Eternal Sunshine tells the story of Joel Barish and Clementine Kruczynskis passionate, yet often painfully incompatible romance. From its humble beginnings at a beach party, their relationship blooms over the period of about two years, but ultimately fails. When Joel learns that Clementine has undergone a surgical procedure on a whim to remove all memories of him, he is so wounded that he tracks down the doctor and demands the same operation immediately. Midway through the procedure, however, Joel begins to regret his impulsive decision, realizing the importance of his past, as well as the inevitable loss of some of his most cherished memories with Clementine. The first five shots of Eternal Sunshine are highly significant in terms of both narrative structure and stylistic implications. The film begins by fading-in from black to a deep focus close up of an unshaven Joel, awakening the morning after the memory-erasing procedure (though this narrative information is not revealed until much later). The off-screen sound of a car door closing rouses him, and it is later discovered that this noise comes from the memory technicians departing after the operation. A variety of shot lengths are used in this opening sequence to communicate information about Joels facial expressions, body language, and surroundings. Ultimately, the act of waking coupled with the natural morning sunlight creates an atmosphere of a new beginning, although it is one tinged with a sense of loss. The use of hand held cameras simultaneously evokes the illusion of realistic footage, and viewers are invited to question why Joel awakens this way, establishing a narrative enigm a concerning past events. Joels waking expression is rather vacant, conveying the barren emptiness of his now spotless mind. The shot is illuminated from the right, and upon opening, his dark hazel eyes are drawn to this light source as he utters a sigh. The next medium shot is an eye-line match that frames Joels window, using an upward tilted perspective from his bed. The morning sunlight shines through, providing the only lighting for the scene and signifying a new beginning. The exclusive use of natural lighting additionally suggests an existence devoid of memories, as the atmospheric lighting techniques that accompany memory throughout the film are absent. Subtle, non-diegetic music; sound that does not have a source within the story world (David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson, 330), also commences here, with a triple meter bass ostinato accompanying guitar chords. A straight cut introduces the next medium close up of Joel sitting up in bed, tracked by the camera. He sighs, rubs his forehead and begins to remove the bedspreads, which provides a match-on-action transition into the next shot a long shot of Joel moving towards the end of his bed. The dà ©cor of the space is very plain and uninspired, heightening the atmosphere of emptiness. A piano melody enters above the guitar as sunlight engulfs Joels darkened silhouette on the end of his bed. Before the next shot a short ellipsis is implied, and it commences outside as a medium long shot of Joel, now shaven and dressed in dull winter clothing. Sunlight momentarily shines directly into the lens before the camera tracks him to his car, revealing a large dint on its side. Confused and irritated, Joel thuds his briefcase upon the car bonnet as ambient background noises of children playing blends with the music. Although no dialogue is spoken in these shots, the sparse instrumentation and minimalist structure of the background music serves to heighten the mood of an existence that is somehow lacking essence. Hence, the opening shots be gin to define Joels character, whilst providing cues to evoke an atmosphere of a somewhat empty new beginning. Eternal Sunshine is essentially a love story, and a clear binary opposition a category with two mutually exclusive parts that depend upon each other (Graeme Turner, 104) is established between Joel, who is introverted and withdrawn, and Clementine, who is extroverted and eccentric. This opposition allows the characters to effectively compliment and conflict with each other, thus forming the basis of the narrative complication. Despite this somewhat traditional aspect of the story, the manner in which the narrative is structured is by no means conservative. In Film as Social Practice IV, Turner notes that conventional narratives begin in a stable point of equilibrium, which is then disrupted by some power or force motivating the protagonists quest, usually ending with the restoration of equilibrium (107). Eternal Sunshine, however, follows no such structural formula, and events are presented in a fragmented, non-linear fashion. Indeed, the film actually commences after the relations hip, moving from the present to a series of reverse order memory flashbacks and flashbacks within flashbacks, before finally returning to the present (whilst constantly interweaving secondary plotlines involving the Lacuna team). Another opposition of sorts is therefore established in the narrative itself between memory and present events, with the complicated structure serving to disorientate viewers and portray the complex nature of an individuals personal memories. In Postmodern After-Images, Peter and Will Brooker state that resistance to linearityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [is an] archetypal postmodern technique (58), and thus Eternal Sunshine uses a postmodern narrative style to communicate its story of memorys role in love. Throughout the film, myriad elements of the mise en scene evoke atmosphere, develop character and provide audience cues. Firstly, colour and costuming serve to accentuate the binary opposition between Joel and Clementine. Joel is only ever seen wearing very dull colours, foregrounding the reserved nature of his character, and he often blends into large crowds. On the contrary, Clementines eccentricity is revealed by her kaleidoscopic clothing choices. Also, the colour of Clementines dyed hair acts as a symbolic indicator of the state of her relationship with Joel, changing chronologically from green, to Red Menace, Agent Orange, and finally Blue Ruin. Green is traditionally a colour associated with new life, and it suitably marks the beginning of the relationship. The deep red dye appears to symbolize a climax of romantic passion, and indeed many of Joels best memories are from this colour stage. Orange perhaps embodies a diluted, fading version of this passion, while blue denotes an atmosphere of sadness and depression, appropriately appearing at the point of the relationships ruin. In one particularly symbolic scene, a crane shot frames Joel and Clementine lying together on the frozen Charles River. Some distinct cracks are easily observed in the ice beneath them, indicating the fractures that will inevitably appear in their relationship, and this notion of an intrinsically flawed romance adds to the bittersweet tone of the film. Finally, many elements of the mise en scene are skillfully utilized within subjective shots to portray the erasure of Joels memories: characters suddenly disappear, text on signs and letters fades or vanishes, objects are deleted from shots in fragments, and facial features are smeared. For example, in the beach-house scene, Joels memory of the event literally crumbles piece by piece in his mind. The use of atmospheric lighting is one of the most important filmic techniques employed by Gondry to construct the subjective memory scenes in Eternal Sunshine. In the present, lighting is generally either natural or realistic, but memory shots adopt a more unique lighting approach, emphasizing this narrative opposition. Firstly, low-key lighting and darkness often play a major role in such scenes, with lights either gradually fading to black or suddenly turning off to represent the removal of memories. The most prominent and effective use of atmospheric lighting, however, is a clearly recognizable spotlight effect that pervades memory scenes and becomes a lighting motif throughout the film. This peculiar device ranges from a small, torch-style light, through to a very large and powerful spotlight reminiscent of a helicopter searchlight (the best example being in the Charles River memory scene). The spotlight effect seems to serve a dual function: in one sense, it represents an intru sive, artificial intervention in Joels memory (implying the operation procedure), and he and Clementine are often trying to escape its glare. Also, especially in darkened scenes, the restricted glow of the spotlight could represent the limits of remembered detail in Joels mind, as is argued by Jason Sperb in his article Internal Sunshine: Illuminating Being-Memory in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, when he states: The spotlight signifies the limited perception of Joels remembering, which remains in and of the present. He cannot again completely experience the moments he thinks he remembers; Joel can only see limited illuminations, fragments in his imagination vaguely informed by his understanding of the past (7). The circular shape of the spotlight could also bear some importance, perhaps signifying the cyclic nature of Joel and Clementines relationship. Finally, throughout the film, this and other lights occasionally turn red to imply a state of urgency or alarm. Hence, the combination of the elements of the mise en scene succeeds in creating atmosphere and crafting the effects of memory erasure within Joels mind. Perhaps the most striking element of cinematography in Eternal Sunshine is the almost invariable use of hand-held cameras. This imperfect, sometimes clunky technique often creates the illusion of genuine home video footage an aspect that undoubtedly increases the authenticity of subjective memory scenes. As Ellen Kuras (the films cinematographer) stated in an interview, the camera movement is not always the most gracefulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with the entire film shot handheld, we ended up using sled dollies, wheelchair and chariot dollies, but no traditional dollies at all (John Pavlus, 2). In terms of movement, the camera often wanders freely, glancing around objects and tracking characters using mobile framing. Such techniques are most evident in memory scenes, and some scenes in the present utilize more conventional framing, perhaps serving to accentuate the stark juxtaposition between memory and the present. In the scene where Joel and Clementine meet on the train, initial long and me dium shots become more intimate medium close ups and close ups as the awkward tension between them reduces and they begin to feel more comfortable conversing. Similarly, clever tricks of size perspective are used in the childhood kitchen scenes to achieve the illusion that Joel is child-sized. Cinematography techniques are also exploited to convey the effects of memory erasure in subjective scenes, and the most notable of these are disorienting blurring effects and racking of focus, where the lensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [is] refocused at various planesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ adjusting perspective relations (Bordwell and Thompson, 243). Finally, speed of motion is also occasionally altered within memory scenes, with normal and reverse fast-motion effects used (for example, when Joel is sketching the skeleton picture) to suggest an atmosphere of distorted temporality. The soundscape throughout the film is similarly used with great effect to evoke atmosphere and provide cues that generate audience reactions. Firstly, an internal diegetic voiceover is sometimes used, with Joels diary entries narrating certain scenes from both the present and within memories, encouraging viewers to sympathize with his plight. Some clever sound-image relations are also present, for example, when Joel hastily decides to squeeze through the doors of a leaving train, his voiceover ironically declares that he is not an impulsive person. Similarly, in a memory scene, Joel yells, its all falling apart to Clementine, as a car actually falls from the sky in the background. Indeed, a series of interesting sound techniques are implemented within memory scenes. For example, off-screen voiceovers of the memory technicians working in the present are often heard, reinforcing the fact that certain scenes are occurring subjectively within Joels mind. Effects such as degrading the sou nd quality, slightly asynchronous sound, which à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦occurs earlier or later than the events which we see in the image (Bordwell and Thompson, 337), and the use of a digital deleting sound-effect all serve to depict the erasing of Joels memories. Finally, in film, the rhythm, melody, harmony, and instrumentation of the music can strongly affect the viewers emotional reactions (Bordwell and Thompson, 325), which applies throughout Eternal Sunshine. For example, a playful woodwind scherzo accompanies Joel and Clementines meeting on the train, adding to the flirtatious tone of the scene. Similarly, a chromatically sliding cello often signifies disturbing moments, and the dissonant yet beautiful broken guitar chords in the beach-house scene serve to heighten the bittersweet atmosphere and affect the audiences emotions. The final stylistic element that requires analysis is the use of editing throughout Eternal Sunshine. Continuity, which is the style that generates the illusion of a smooth, unbroken continuity across cuts by focusing our attention on story and characters and away from style (Budd, Craig and Steinman, 112), is rather varied in the film, with certain memory scenes and most present scenes adhering to the conventions of this style. For example, in the dining dead scene, a series of shot-reverse shots and eye-line matches are used to depict Joel and Clementines tense conversation. Such techniques give the scene a paced interest and offer balanced character perspectives, whilst remaining easy and natural for viewers to follow. Also, a montage is used to convey a large quantity of information to viewers in a short amount of time when Joel goes home to gather all Clementine-related objects. Unlike scenes in the present, continuity is often radically altered in subjective scenes. For example , when Joel tries to turn Patrick around to face him in the bookstore, a series of quick jump cuts repeatedly prevent the action. Also, jump cuts are often used to suddenly change memory locations, or to entirely erase characters (especially Clementine) from scenes. Finally, it is necessary to examine the films closing scene and its implications. The ending, although slightly ambiguous, seems to be a rather tragic prediction of Joel and Clementines future. The final shots observe the couple walking away together along the snowy Montak beach, suggesting the possibly of a happy ending. Suddenly however, quick jump cuts loop and replay their actions multiple times, indicating that their relationship is destined to continually fail and recommence in an inevitable cycle of love and pain. Thus, with particular attention devoted to the opening shots, it has been argued that via its mise en scene, cinematography, sound, and editing, Eternal Sunshine successfully evokes atmosphere, defines character, and provides cues that generate audience reactions. Ultimately, these stylistic elements, in conjunction with the fragmented narrative structure of the film, subjectively portray the effects of memory erasure within Joels mind, whilst constructing a bittersweet tale of an inevitably failing romance. List of Works Cited: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Dir. Michel Gondry. Focus Features, 2004. Turner, G. Film as Social Practice IV. London: Routledge, 2006. Bordwell, D. and Thompson, K. Film Art: An Introduction. Fifth Edition. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1997. Budd, M., Craig, S. and Steinman, C. Continuity Style Editing. Consuming Environments: Television and Commercial Culture. London: Rutgers University Press, 1999. 112-123. Brooker, P. and Brooker, B. Postmodern After-Images: A Reader in Film, Television and Video. Sydney: London, 1997. Sperb, J. Internal Sunshine: Illuminating Being-Memory in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Kritikos. 2 (2005):1-12. Pavlus, J. Forget Me Not American Cinematographer 85.4 (2004):1-3.

career paper ( preschool teacher) -- essays research papers

History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preschool is something very important for toddlers. Preschools were established in Europe around the late 1800’s. They were later introduced to the United States in the 1920’s. According to the Encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance 9th edition â€Å"preschools expanded rapidly in the united states during the 1960’s†. Job Description   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preschool teachers usually instruct children usually until they reach the age of five. They conduct activities designed to develop social, physical, and intellectual skills needed for primary school. During an interview I was told many things on the subject. â€Å"You need a lot of patience† said Esther Rodriguez a preschool teacher. There are many tasks needed to be done. While researching I came across plenty of information on the internet, Echoices says that some typical tasks are â€Å"planning individual and group activities, and monitor activities to prevent accidents and conflicts between children†. Nature of Work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preschool teachers play a very important role in the development of children. In the Encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance 9th edition states that â€Å"a preschool teacher’s primary responsibility in the social development and health of each child†. Preschool teachers design activities that build on the children’s native abilities and help them develop skills and characteristics that will help them grow. What children learn a...

Political Cartoon Analysis Essay

World War II was a time of great social turmoil in the United States, not only because of its active role in the war, but also because of the radical changes taking place in society. As an effect of the Jim Crow laws, people were beginning to speak up against segregation and demand equal rights. During this time, many activists and political reformists used different forms of social media in order to present their ideas regarding racism. In 1942, Dr. Seuss published this political cartoon in the New York PM newspaper as a way to address the issue of racial discrimination by urging change in the war industry. Because the war industry did not value the use of black labor in the war effort, the main idea presented in this cartoon is that both white and black labor are required to achieve real peace and equality in society. Seuss uses symbolism, his characters, and text in order to effectively portray his message to his audience, the people of the United States. Seuss uses Uncle Sam and the satirical character â€Å"War Industry† in order to represent the two conflicting viewpoints on the issue of racism. While Uncle Sam represents the democratic American ideals of equality, â€Å"War Industry† symbolizes the group of people, companies, and racial mindsets that support racial segregation. In this cartoon, Uncle Sam represents the goal of the American labor force: to incorporate the use of all men, regardless of race, in order to fight for the nation. However, the War Industry representative symbolizes a more prejudiced, racist mindset. His top hat and cigar reveal that he is of a wealthy class, which separates him from the common laborers and working class. He is seen to be playing only the white keys on the piano, which demonstrates the use of only white labor in the war efforts. His short hands represent his reluctance to incorporate black labor into the industry because of bigotry and racial stereotypes. Although Uncle Sam is not violent or imposing in this cartoon, his expression reflects sternness and forcefulness, showing his urgency to incorporate black labor into the war industry with a non-violent, practical approach. In addition to the use of his characters, Seuss uses text in order to convince his audience of his ideals regarding racism in the war efforts. The quote near the top of the cartoon states that â€Å"real harmony† can only be achieved by using both white and black labor in the war efforts. Not only does Uncle Sam advocate for equality, but he also wants to see the success of the war industry. He uses this appeal in order to address the desires of the wealthy class. By using the word â€Å"harmony†, he means both racial equality in society, as well as improvements in the war industry. The white keys on the piano are labelled â€Å"White Labor† which far outnumber the black keys. This represents the idea that black labor is seldom used in the war industry. Seuss wants to show his audience that, using both black and white labor force will improve the condition of society. Lastly, Seuss’s use of symbolism further demonstrates his message of racial equality in the war effort. The piano itself is a symbol for the distribution of work in the labor force amongst whites and blacks. In addition, the cobwebs on the black keys symbolize the rare use, or no use at all, of black labor during World War II. In addition, there is a uneven distribution of smoke coming out of the pipes of the piano. This shows that the instrument, or labor force, is not being used to its full extent. While some parts of the piano are stressed, others are seldom used and are neglected. This applies to the labor force in America. By not allowing blacks to work in the war industry, the full potential of America’s working class is not being used. In conclusion, Dr. Suess’s political cartoon addresses the issues of racial segregation within the American society. This political cartoon was widely controversial in its time because of its political stance and radical ideas that oppose the Jim Crow laws and the upper class of society. Although this cartoon did not directly cause a dramatic change in society, it advocated for a very important idea in American history, the issue of equality of all people.

Using Green Energy to Help with Global Warming Essay

Green energy is a type of energy we use daily. We have many types of energy including Coal, oil, wind, electric, wind, solar geothermal, water, natural gas, biomass, nuclear, and hydrogen. Out of those 12 energies, only wind, solar, geothermal, water, and biomass are renewable and are green. While4 of the remaining, coal, oil natural gas, and nuclear are non-renewable and are not green. Lastly, the remaining 2 energies, electricity and hydrogen are secondary energy sources. (English Online)Based on the graph below, we can lower the lifecycle of greenhouse gases and stop pollution that causes global warming (Union of Concerend Scientists).Graph: (IPCC) By shifting from coal and fossil fuels to green energy, we will save energy, and our coal†¦show more content†¦Anyone who relies on the USA for trade and alliences will not be able to be supported by the weak US Army and will not be import or export the products with the USA. Lets look at how much it costs to make things that turn the energies to eletricity. OpenEI Transparent Cost Database Plant Type Levelized Cost of Energy (USD/MWh) Overnight Capital Cost (1000xUSD/kW) Fixed Operating Cost (USD/kW) Variable Operating Cost (USD/MWh) Capacity Factor (%) Max Median Min Max Median Min Max Median Min Max Median Min Max Median Min Wind, onshore 120 60 20 2.60 1.57 1.13 60.00 10.95 10.95 23 6.45 5.02 50.4 38 18.4 Wind, offshore 200 100 70 8.00 3.05 2.16 180 14.28 14.28 40 21.18 13 54 43 27 Solar PV 590 280 150 9.50 5.10 2.50 110 32.03 6.44 0 0 0 28 21 15.48 Solar CSP 300 200 60 8.09 5.74 3.20 142 55.72 7.80 25.50 .10 .10 65 31.16 21.84 Geothermal Hydrothermal 140 60 40 5.94 2.82 1.63 229 155.41 68.33 0 0 0 95 85 75 Blind Geothermal 100 6.85 222.98 0 0 0 95 Enhanced Geothermal 130 130 60 7.25 7.00 1.78 199.69 199.69 134.05 40 30 5 95 84.6 80 Small Hydropower 140 4.50 130 0 0 0 50 Hydropower 120 20 20 4.00 1.32 0.50 75 13.14 12.72 5.94 3.20 2.42 93.2 93.2 35 Ocean 210 220 230 11.34 6.00 4.50 100 0 0 0 25.5 Biopower 170 70 10 7.66 2.62 0.36 369.28 66.63 12.00 29.12 4.61 .01 85 84.04 75 Distributed Generation 480 140 50 9.80 1.80 1.31 80 16.58 16.03 51 7.37 7.12 75 Fuel Cell 150 150 140 7.00 4.64 3.80 850 5.65 5.50 47.92Show MoreRelatedLack Of National And International Policy Agreements Towards Global Warming1392 Words   |  6 PagesLack of national and international policy agreements towards global warming worsens the environment in which polar bears live. 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Discrimination By Andrew Niccol s Gattaca - 1515 Words

Discrimination was a prominent theme in Gattaca. In the movie directed by Andrew Niccol, Vincent Freeman is conceived without the help of genetic engineering, which had become the primary way of having a child. As a result of Vincent s parents decision to conceive him naturally, Vincent suffered from myopia and a congenital heart defect; along with a life expectancy of only 30.2 years, he was prone to discrimination in a society where your DNA determined your social class. Children conceived naturally like Vincent were considered the underclass and invalids; because of this, they were subjected to perform jobs that took minimal skills. However, this didn’t go over too well with Vincent whose sole dream was to go to Saturn’s moon, Titan. Since Vincent cannot achieve his dream solely by hard work, he is forced to become a â€Å"de-gene-rate†, or borrow an elitists identity, in this case, Jerome Morrow’s. Jerome Morrow was a gold medal swimmer who won silver once and tried to commit suicide because he failed himself. Morrrow however was not successful in his attempt and only succeeded in paralyzing himself. Morrow allowed Freeman to borrow his identity and in return , Freeman had to fund Morrow’s lifestyle. In order for Vincent Anton Freeman to become Jerome Morrow, he must diligently scrub his body daily to get rid of as much of his own DNA as possible. Freeman not only consistently has to gets rid of skin cells and any hair that might fall , but he must also pass daily DNAShow MoreRelatedFarenheit451/Gattaca, Relationship Between Man and Machine1243 Words   |  5 Pagesa genre of fiction revolving around science and technology, usually conveying the dystopian alternative future context, the pessimistic resultant of society. Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and Andrew Niccols Gattaca (1997) both explore the values and concerns of human existence. 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Commen Elemements of Fiction - 1570 Words

Anyone that is well situated into the world of literature knows of the literacy genius Edgar Allen Poe. Most of Poe’s works do not have the slightest bit of joy or happiness in them. His literature mainly consists of a dark and gothic mood; mostly due to the fact that his actual life was worse than his stories. For those who have read a few of his stories or poems you might notice a similarity in plot. In his worksâ€Å" The Cask of Amontillado,† â€Å" The Black Cat,† and â€Å" The Tell-Tale Heart,† there is clear similarity of plot between the three stories. In â€Å" The Cask of Amontillado,† the reader is introduced to two characters, Montresor and Fortunato. They meet a carnival that is occurring in what appears Italy. Montresor informs Fortunato†¦show more content†¦Instead the swing of the axe landed on his wife’s hand. This made the husband even more angered, and he planted the axe into his wife’s skull to dismiss the interference. He disposed of his wife’s body by burying her into the cellar walls. The police arrived after four days investigating the household top to bottom. When the arrived at the cellar the husband felt did not feel the slightest bit anxiety. Just as the police were about to finish their investigation a screw came from the cellar walls. The police pulled the flimsy wall down to find the corpse of the husband’s wife before them. In the story â€Å" Tell-Tale Heart,† the reader will be shown an unnamed narrator who is saying that he is only nervous not mad. He say s he is going to tell us a story to assure to the reader that he is not mad. He talks about an idea that appeared in his head, about an old man he takes care of, that has haunted him day and night. There was not a desideratum or reason for it, but he says it might have been his eye that resembled those of a vulture. The man came up with the plan to take the old mans life over his eye. He stated â€Å"I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night about midnight I turned the latch of his door and opened it oh, so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern all closed, closed so that no light shone out, and then I thrust

International Energy Policy Global Effort To Fight The Change

Question: Discuss about the International Energy Policy for Global Effort To Fight The Change? Answer: Introduction Global warming and climate change are one of the integral discussions that the world is facing currently (Hansen, Sato and Ruedy 2012). Along with affecting the nature, it is affecting the human beings biologically. It has been found that carbon emission is the most dangerous that is happening in the society which is largely affecting the world. There have been various steps and various treaties that have been launched to make the environment better and safer for the living beings. Thus, write-up will focus on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change- conferences of parties that was held in April in the year 2015 (Field 2012). The conference started on 30 November 2015 and went on until 12th December 2015. The agreement was later merged with Kyoto protocol. The write-up will give particular attention to the effect of the conferences on Brazil. The write-up will further critically analyze the steps taken by Brazil in the past and the changes that have been taken by th e government after the agreement (Shindell 2012). Conference in Paris The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change started in the year 1992 (UNFCCC 2016). Various countries around the world joined in an international treaty and pledged that they will work together to combat the issues of climate changes and global warming. In the year 1995, the treaty even strengthened to act towards the global change in the world temperature and eventually, it adopted the Kyoto Protocol (Deser 2012). The Kyoto Protocol brings together the developed countries that in turn will help in reducing the emission in the environment to make the environment a better place to live in. However, in the year 2015, the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted on 12 December 2015 (OUTCOMES OF THE U.N. CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE IN PARIS 2015). The Paris Agreement was launched with a perspective of further developing the bonding to face the issues of climate change in the atmospheres. The Paris Agreement was done to (or intending to) strengthen the actions and distribute the investments in such a manner so that they could aim for the low carbon future.' As carbon emission is one of the most grievous problems in the society, hence, Paris Agreement decided to keep the global temperature rise below 2 degree Celsius above the pre-industrial level. The Paris Agreement even decided that the countries would make an even further effort to keep the temperature rise below 1.5 degree Celsius (UNFCCC 2015). However, this goal seems impossible until it is backed up by a proper plan regarding the finances and transparency of the plan, which will support the cause (Chemnick 2016). One of the most important parts of the plan is the transparency. The countries were asked to submit the emission report to the author so that the they track the emissions that are taking place in various countries and whether they are taking the necessary step to combat those emissions (Rubin 2016). The report that will be submitted to the authorities will go through an expert technical review', and they will decide if the countries require any extra help to make the agreement work. Depending upon the program and the available amount of resources the agreement can make the scope and the frequency more flexible so that it easier for the countries to achieve the goals (Stocker 2014). Finance is another issue for the countries bonded in the agreement with the developing countries demand more financial support and assurance (Fankhauser 2013). To maintain a balance between the developed and the developing countries the agreement has asked the developed countries to provide financial support to eh developing countries. The developed countries have already promised to provide $100 billion per year to the developing countries until the year 2025. However, the COP has decided to extend the goal after the year 2025 (Schwartz 2016). Energy Policy of Brazil Keeping in view the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Brazil has adopted the mitigation and the steps for implementation of the plan to achieve the goal that has been set in the Paris Agreement. Mitigation Brazil has decided to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by 37% by taking in view the durations of a decade, which is from 2005 to 2025. It has been planned that gradually, it will reduce by 43% (The Brics Post 2016). As far as the use of market is concerned, the country has kept itself open to use any kind mechanisms in any market to achieve the goals that have been set in the Paris Agreement. The federal government should give formal and prior consent. Brazil will not allow any other party other than the Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol to get involved in the mitigation outcomes (Luomi 2014). Adaptation and Undertaking Brazil has taken initiatives to help the country achieve the agenda that has been set in the conventions. To achieve the goals, it has taken measures by controlling the population, the ecosystems, the production system and reduce the vulnerability and the through the use of the services of the ecosystem (UNFCCC 2015). Implementation Plan Brazil plans to implement the steps with the help of the financial conventions that have been provided by the Paris Agreement. To enhance their actions, Brazil aims to take full help and support from the authorities of the convention. If Brazil needs to take further actions reacting the implementation of the plan, the country might need to get more international support and flow of investment. They need to develop the technology, transfer of technology and the deployment of technology. Special actions have been taken in the forest sector where they implemented REDD+ activities, and the steps will regularly be reviewed so that the result will be permanent and expect to get payment from the conventions as it has been decided in the Paris Agreement (UNFCCC 2015). Critical Analysis The bulk of GHG emissions in the atmosphere are related to the emissions from the industrial and residential development. The relationship between energy and development has evolved in Brazil. It is undoubtedly responsible for the historical emissions for the increasing global warming rate of the climate (Jacoby and Chen 2015). According to the IPCC, the CO2 emissions are necessitating the need to characterize with sustainable use of energy followed by large scales measures adopted for land use changes and forests. Moreover, enhancing the zero-low-carbon energy supply by would lower the emissions by the year 2050 (Mundy et al. 2016). The Globalization of Energy Demand and Carbon Emissions in Brazil Brazil is one of the countries that are changing due the growing demand for energy (fossil fuels), emphasis on energy production, carbonization in the electricity sector and the struggling bioenergy sector. However, according to the current government estimates, the emissions have grown to 60% in the current decade of 2012-2022. Nevertheless, an alternative solution is possible with the signals are given in right direction to prevent the carbonization supply and ensuring growth and competitiveness in the constrained-carbon world (Luomi 2014). The challenges are primarily faced in the GHG emissions; hydropower dominated electricity sector, transport, and the fossil fuels emissions. However, as compared with other oil producing countries, Brazil has shown impressive results in reducing emissions from deforestation that accounts for 82% from 2004 to 2014. According to the energy mix, Brazil constitutes of 40% of renewable with 75% in the electricity supply itself which is four times the average of OECD countries (UNFCCC 2015). As per the tenth session of COP (Conference of Parties) in Paris, the agreement was to prevent the rise of global temperature above 2 degrees Celsius. UNFCCC Executive Secretary Christiana Figueres encouraged countries to come forward with their INDCs for underlining obligation and support towards the thriving outcome in Paris. These decisions imposed by UNFCCC led Brazil to lower the emissions while assuring transparency, clarity, and understanding in the measures taken (UNFCCC 2015). Effort Measures taken on Decisions by Tenth Session Meeting of UNFCCC Brazil's INDC had a broad scope in incorporating alleviation, adaptation and ways of accomplishment, consistent with the contributions' rationale to achieve the eventual objective of the Convention. Brazil advance adoption measures the 2 degrees Celsius temperature goal according to the highlights of the Convention. Broadly it can be described under three headings as given below. Emissions Abatement The emission abatement is one crucial issue that throws light on the land use change and forests and the energy sector emissions that influences not only the climate's temperature but also the economic structures and resource bases. The land use change and forests are based on the implementation of particular policies and measures that view to attain zero illegal deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia by 2030 (Romeiro and Biderman 2016). It also says that compensating for the greenhouse gasses emissions from legally controlled vegetations for further strengthening the policies. It is also, adopting multiple purposes in forests to restore the reforestation in 12 million hectares. However, after the attainment of small measures, the Brazilian government will apply georeferencing and tracking system for the native management to eliminate the unsustainable and illegal practices (UNFCCC 2015). The second factor in which sustainable practices will be reinforced is the energy sector in which renewable energy should constitute of 45% of the energy mix by 2030. This factor will outline the three dimensions. They are an expansion of renewable resources; achieving gains in electricity sector with the expansion of non-fossil fuel energy sources. The three dimensions should constitute a target by 20130 that includes renewable source expansion with a special focus on hydropower energy of 28-33%. Secondly, achievement of 10% efficiency gains by 2030. Lastly, increasing the expansion of power supply to at least 23% by augmenting the share of biomass, solar and wind renewable energy (Romeiro and Biderman 2016). Emissions Intensity The emission concentration can be reduced by increasing the share of sustainable fuels in the Brazilian energy mix strategy that expands the biofuel consumption by 18% in 2030. However, with the growing ethanol supply, increasing the share of advanced biodiesel mix in diesel and increasing the advanced fuels of the second generation will help in lowering the concentrating of emissions (Melim-McLeod, 2015). Nevertheless, if analyzed on the different sectors in Brazil; the agricultural sector is following the "Low Carbon Emission Program" (ABC) for reinstating the additional 15 million hectares of pasturelands that have been degraded by 2030. Moreover, enhancing an extra 5 million hectares of cropland-stock-forestry systems will help in reducing the emission concentration. In the industry sector, new clean technologies have been developed that enhances the energy efficiency measures by developing low carbon infrastructure (Silva-Chvez 2015). Nevertheless, in the transport sector that emits maximum amount of carbon-di-oxide emissions is improving its infrastructure in the urban areas pertaining to public transportation (UNFCCC 2015). Abatement Cost The cost of controlling emissions is one perspective that needs concern because the Brazil's climate plan is based on short-term measures that will focus on long-term sustainable planning. Brazil's cost-effective abatement prospects are to reduce GHG energy recounted emissions by roughly 40 percent comparative to the baseline of present plans for the energy sector (The New Climate Economy Report 2016 2014). Such efforts will as well convey health co-benefits and enlarge the competitive nature in the cities. However, the initial cost as stated will rise and may affect the social structure of the economy that will be publicly articulated by with a vision of reinvesting the revenue derived from oil export or social welfare programs (Marcondes de Carvalho 2015). Conclusion Brazil one of the oil producing countries has made a global effort to fight the change but the momentum is not on the highest level and is less ambitious. Nonetheless, Brazil needs to necessitate for a goal that could change the course of the economy. On the other hand, Brazil is making its full attempt being one of the first major developing countries that are fighting for climate change with an absolute reduction target of emissions. However, the common vision followed by every country as well as Brazil signals the desire for zero carbon worlds in the new international climate agreement. References Chemnick, J. (2016). PARIS AGREEMENT: Who will be the next U.N. climate chief?. E E Publishing LLC. Deser, C., Phillips, A., Bourdette, V. and Teng, H., (2012). Uncertainty in climate change projections: the role of internal variability.Climate Dynamics,38(3-4), pp.527-546. Fankhauser, S., (2013).Valuing climate change: the economics of the greenhouse. Routledge. Field, C.B. ed., (2012).Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press. Hansen, J., Sato, M. and Ruedy, R., (2012). Perception of climate change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(37), pp.E2415-E2423. Jacoby, H.D. and Chen, Y.H.H., (2015). Launching a New Climate Regime. Luomi, M. (2014).Sustainable Energy in Brazil: Reversing Past Achievements or Realizing Future Potential. oxfordenergy.org. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/SP-34.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Marcondes de Carvalho, J. (2015).The Road Through Paris (Climate Nexus) : Brazil. The Road Through Paris. Available at: https://www.theroadthroughparis.org/country-profiles/brazil [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Melim-McLeod, C. (2015).Paris: A Climate Game Changer?. LSE International Development. Available at: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/internationaldevelopment/2015/12/01/paris-a-climate-game-changer/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Mundy, K., Green, A., Lingard, B. and Verger, A. eds., (2016).Handbook of Global Education Policy. John Wiley Sons. OUTCOMES OF THE U.N. CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE IN PARIS. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Center for climate and energy solutions. Available at: https://cop-21-paris-summary-02-2016-final.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Romeiro, V. and Biderman, R. (2016).A Closer Look at Brazils New Climate Plan (INDC) | World Resources Institute. Wri.org. Available at: https://www.wri.org/blog/2015/09/closer-look-brazils-new-climate-plan-indc [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. RUBIN, J. (2016). Where do the oil sands fit in a low-carbon future?. The Globe and Mail. Available at: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-commentary/where-do-the-oil-sands-fit-in-a-low-carbon-future/article29203090/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Schwartz, G. (2016). Science and Politics Clash as Humanity Nears Climate Change Tipping Point. EcoWatch. Available at: https://ecowatch.com/2016/03/13/climate-change-tipping-point/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Shindell, D., Kuylenstierna, J.C., Vignati, E., van Dingenen, R., Amann, M., Klimont, Z., Anenberg, S.C., Muller, N., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Raes, F. and Schwartz, J., (2012). Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security.Science,335(6065), pp.183-189. Silva-Chvez, G. (2015).Brazil's INDC Signals Further Progress at Less Ambitious Pace. Forest Trends. Available at: https://forest-trends.org/blog/2015/10/08/brazils-indc-signals-further-progress-but-at-less-ambitious-pace/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Stocker, T.F. ed., (2014).Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. The Brics Post, (2016). Climate change creating extreme weather report. Available at: https://thebricspost.com/climate-change-creating-extreme-weather-report/#.VuaIZZx97IU [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. The New Climate Economy Report (2016). 2014.Energy. Available at: https://2014.newclimateeconomy.report/energy/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. UNFCCC. (2015).Brazil Submits its Climate Action Plan Ahead of 2015 Paris Agreement. Available at: https://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/brazil-submits-its-climate-action-plan-ahead-of-2015-paris-agreement/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. UNFCCC. (2015).FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION. Available at: https://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Brazil/1/BRAZIL%20iNDC%20english%20FINAL.pdf [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. Unfccc.int. (2015). Paris Climate Change Conference - November 2015. Available at: https://unfccc.int/meetings/paris_nov_2015/meeting/8926/php/view/decisions.php [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016]. UNFCCC (2016). Essential Background. Available at: https://unfccc.int/essential_background/items/6031.php [Accessed 13 Mar. 2016].

Of Mice And Men Evaluation Essays - Literature,

Of Mice And Men Evaluation "A guy goes nuts if he ain't got nobody. Don't matter no difference who the guy is, long's he's with you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an' he gets sick." A major theme in Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men is loneliness. The characters Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife, each suffer from this although the severity of their seclusion varied. The old swamper, Candy is victimized by isolation as a result of two main factors, one being his disability and the other being his age. For example, throughout the book we find the farmhands out bucking the barley while Candy is left behind to sweep and clean the ranch. He lost his hand after getting it caught in a piece of machinery and as a result he is forced to stay behind. This being one of the major factors that leads to his loneliness. Furthermore, Candy's age adds to his feeling of uselessness. Because he thinks that he is old he puts himself in a state of mind that handicaps him more than his missing hand ever will. He looks down on himself as an old worthless man that's wasting away his last few years. Not only is it the way that others think of him, but also the way he thinks of himself that forces him to find solitude. The most evident case of loneliness is Curley's wife. No matter how hard she tries she can not fit in. For example, when she tries numerous times to talk to George and Lenny she is either ignored or told to leave. Because of her reputation for being a flirt none of the farmhands want to talk to her. It is the threat of getting in trouble with Curley that causes many workers to avoid her. In addition, because of Curley's insecure feelings he neglects her and forces her to seek attention anyway she can, even if it means flirting. She is ignored by both the farmhands and her own husband and because of this she is being forced into loneliness, the one thing she fights so hard against. Crooks is a black man that experiences isolation in terms of racism. For example, he is forced to live alone in the barn. Because the setting of this book takes place during the 1930's discrimination sadly still exists. The farmhands feel that since he is black he isn't worthy of living with the rest of them. Furthermore, his separation from others causes his severe loneliness. He spends his nights reading and his days alone in the barn working on the horses. His distance from others will eventually causes his downfall. We find discrimination being the major cause of this characters loneliness. He is treated as an outcast and peon and is forced t find friendship in the only thing that he can, the books he reads. Loneliness is an inescapable fact of life that not even the strongest can avoid. Throughout the story Of Mice and Men we discover the many sources of solitude, primarily being discrimination and prejudice. Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife all suffer from these facts which leads them to their loneliness. As for the consequences we find that the severity of each characters loneliness varied and that the eventual effects were directly related to the magnitude of their solitude.